Investigation of Building - Influenced Atmospheric Dispersion Using a Dual Source Technique

Dispersion of atmospheric contaminants in the vicinity of an isolated cubical model building was investigated in the field. A dual source/receptor technique was used in the experiments, which was proved to be very useful for the investigation of pollution dispersion. This experimental technique involved the simultaneous release of two different tracer gases from two different point sources, and the deployment of a FID (Flame Ionization Detector) co-located with a UVIC®(Ultra-Violet Ion Collector) detector. Both mean concentrations and concentration fluctuation statistics were examined. In this paper concentration fluctuation statistics are presented. The effect of the upwind source location on intermittency values and on the cumulative density function (cdf) is examined. The exact location of a source placed upwind of an obstacle has a very significant and complex effect on both mean concentrations and concentration fluctuations. As the lateral or vertical displacement between the two sources is increased, cross-correlation values between data taken simultaneously by two co-located detectors decrease rapidly.     

北京西单文化广场的火灾安全评价与管理

以火灾危险辨识、危险评价方法和人员培训手段相结合 ,提出了北京西单文化广场火灾安全评价与管理的总体思路 ;分析并说明了火灾危险评价中火灾模型的选取、确定几种极限情形需要考虑的主要因素以及人员疏散策略有效性的衡量等关键问题 ;同时给出了人员培训的详细内容。本文为受限空间类城市公共场所的安全评价与管理提供了一种可供参照的研究模式     

垃圾填埋场生物覆盖材料筛选及甲烷减排

通过模拟柱实验研究了消化污泥、矿化垃圾和黏土作为垃圾填埋场生物覆盖材料的甲烷氧化能力。3种材料的甲烷日氧化率平均值、总氧化率和氧化速率V(CH4)分别是:消化污泥10.27%、75.82%、1.76 mmol/(kg·d);矿化垃圾11.05%、75.61%、2.04 mmol/(kg·d);黏土9.05%、68.15%、1.33 mmol/(kg·d),消化污泥和矿化垃圾对甲烷的氧化能力均大于黏土。进一步探讨了消化污泥中添加粉煤灰、建筑垃圾和黏土进行改性后对甲烷的氧化能力,考察了改性污泥的渗透系数和抗压强度。结果表明:粉煤灰对消化污泥的改性效果最好,其日氧化率平均值、总氧化率和V(CH4)分别达到17.27%、92.37%和2.35 mmol/(kg·d),粉煤灰与消化污泥以1∶1～1.5∶1混配后可满足填埋场对覆盖材料渗透系数和抗压强度的要求。     

煤及其燃烧产物中微量元素的淋滤试验研究

用没ＰＨ值溶液对炉前原煤、灰化灰、底灰、飞灰进行了对比淋滤试验。重点考察了Ａｓ、Ｚｎ、ＰＢ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｒ等５种元素的淋出行为。发现溶液的ＰＨ、淋滤时间,特别是元素的性质及其赋存状态对元素的淋滤难易程度有重要影响,所分析的５种元素中,Ｓｒ以强淋滤为主,Ｐｂ和Ａｓ以强淋滤和中等淋滤为主,Ｎｉ以中等淋滤为主,而Ｚｎ则为难淋滤元素。     

岩石中氟的赋存状态研究

使用逐级化学提取方法对岩石中氟的赋存状态进行了研究.结果表明:岩石中氟主要与K和Al呈显著相关,高氟岩石中氟与P呈显著正相关,氟主要以氟磷灰石的形式存在;经逐级提取后残渣中的氟与Ca呈显著负相关关系,碳酸盐岩和磷块岩中的氟主要以水溶态和碳酸盐结合态等易溶形式存在;而硅质岩、黑色页岩、硅质碳板岩和碳质板岩中的氟主要存在于难溶矿物中.     

适用于移动平台的河流突发污染溯源算法研究

提出了一种适用于小型移动水质检测平台的一维均一地表水单点源污染物溯源新算法,即通过计算污染物在时间域和空间域的质量浓度导数来反推污染物初始排放点的位置、排放时间及污染物总量.首先,通过算例仿真研究表明,此方法具有较高的溯源精度(与理论距离偏差在10％以内).其次,结合目前移动检测的实际限制(平台长度、取样时间等),对算法中涉及的采样时间、距离等因素的选择进行分析,对移动平台的溯源操作给出了优化建议,以确保有较高的溯源精度.最后,通过实验室水槽缩尺模型试验验证了算法有较高溯源精度(最大偏差在30％以内),从而在原理上证明了该算法适用于特定流域下的移动水质污染溯源.     

碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料低温环境适应性试验设计与分析

目的设计碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料低温环境适应性试验,分析低温环境中材料性能变化特征和老化规律,研究该材料在低温条件下的环境适应性。方法选取碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的冲击强度为主要表征指标,对制备的缺口冲击试样开展-50℃低温试验和寒冷低温气候的自然环境试验,定期测试其冲击强度性能,分析各试验条件下力学性能特征和老化趋势。结果低温条件下碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料会发生明显脆化,表现为冲击强度下降达40%以上,而从低温恢复到常温状态,该材料性能亦会恢复到稳定值附近。结论针对碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料在低温环境下的环境适应性,其低温使用时抗冲击能力会明显下降,出现"脆化"现象,但该材料低温贮存性能较为优异,结合自然环境试验结果,可认为,低温环境下该材料具有较好的环境适应性。     

新形势下对高等数学教学改革的思考

本文讨论了新形势下对高等数学教学提出的要求,以及原有的高等数学教学体系存在的矛盾,进而提出了对于高等数学进行教学改革的几点建议.     

Designs with a priori information for nonmarket valuation with choice experiments: A Monte Carlo study

Good practice in experimental design is essential for choice experiments used in nonmarket valuation. We review the practice of experimental design for choice experiments in environmental economics and we compare it with advances in experimental design. We then evaluate the statistical efficiency of four different designs by means of Monte Carlo experiments. Correct and incorrect specifications are investigated with gradually more precise information on the true parameter values. The data generating process (DGP) is based on estimates from data of a real study. Results indicate that D-efficient designs are promising, especially when based on Bayesian algorithms with informative prior. However, if good quality a priori information is lacking, and if there is strong uncertainty about the real DGP—conditions which are quite common in environmental valuation—then practitioners might be better off with shifted designs built from conventional fractional factorial designs for linear models.     

Retention of trace elements in coal-fired flue gas by a novel heterogeneous agglomeration technology

Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m³/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite differen...