Effects of vegetation type on soil microbial community structure and catabolic diversity assessed by polyphasic methods in North China

Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community.In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial communities,the soil microbial communities were assessed by plate counts,phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog microplate techniques in five plant communities,i.e.,soybean field (SF),artificial turf (AT),artificial shrub (AS),natural shrub (NS),and maize field (MF) in Jinan,Shandong Province,North China.The results showed that plant diversity had little discernible effect on microbial biomass but a positive impact on the evenness of utilized substrates in Biolog microplate.Legumes could significantly enhance the number of cultural microorganisms,microbial biomass,and community catabolic diversity.Except for SF dominated by legumes,the biomass of fungi and the catabolic diversity of microbial community were higher in less disturbed soil beneath NS than in frequently disturbed soils beneath the other vegetation types.These results confirmed that high number of plant species,legumes,and natural vegetation types tend to support soil microbial communities with higher function.The present study also found a significant correlation between the number of cultured bacteria and catabolic diversity of the bacterial community.Different research methods led to varied results in this study.The combination of several approaches is recommended for accurately describing the characteristics of microbial communities in many respects.     

黑龙江省饮用水水源地技术保障体系研究

根据黑龙江省水资源和水源地概况,提出了体系构成原则,建立了饮用水水源地技术保障体系。研究成果可为黑龙江省饮用水水源地环境保护工作的开展提供技术支撑。     

土地生态功能的特点与保护

土地的生态功能指在物质、能量迁移与转化过程中,土地所表现的能够满足和维持生物体以及人类生活需要的自然环境条件和效用。它包括生态环境的调节功能和生物支持功能两大类,具有整体性、关联性、空间地域性和时间动态性等特征。其中,生态环境的调节功能可分为保护土壤功能、防风固沙、涵养水源功能、调节微气候功能、净化环境功能等五类;生物支持功能主要指产生与维持生物多样性,为生物提供良好的栖息环境。土地的生态功能除了受地形地貌、土壤、气候、水、植物等自然条件的制约外,还受土地利用方式、土地利用结构和区域土地政策等社会经济因素的影响。     

空气污染与健康效益评估工具BenMAP CE研发

为了评估空气污染带来的健康冲击、评估健康效益,克服现有评估工具(BenMAP V4.0)计算速度缓慢及用户体验较差等问题,受美国环保署委托,设计并研发了新一代空气污染与健康效益评估工具BenMAP CE,搭建了BenMAP CE的框架,进行了详细功能设计,并利用美国环保署提供的数据进行了实测.测试结果表明,基于相同的输入文件和设置,BenMAP CE能重现BenMAP V4.0的计算结果,相比现有的评估工具,BenMAP CE具有良好的用户体验、强大的GIS展示功能及大幅提高的计算速度.BenMAP CE是考虑了污染物环境浓度削减、人口密度、收入差异等经济因素的综合性评估工具,能为决策者评估空气污染控制措施所带来的健康效益提供辅助决策依据.     

支持向量机回归在臭氧预报中的应用

采用南京工业区2016年5月20日~8月15日这一高臭氧（O₃）期的O₃、O₃前体物和常规气象资料数据,利用支持向量机回归（SVMr）方法分别预报O₃的小时值、日最大值和最大8 h滑动平均值.结果表明,O₃小时值预报的相关系数（R²）为0.84,平均绝对误差（MAE）和平均绝对百分误差（MAPE）分别为3.44×10^-9和24.48,O₃前期浓度、紫外B波段辐射（UVB）和NO₂浓度是关键因子.O₃日最大值预报的主要因子是NO_x在07：00的浓度和UVB.预报O₃ 8 h时UVB和气温起重要作用.加入前体物项能够使O₃的预报精度提升10%~28%.与多元线性回归方法相比,SVMr对O₃浓度的预报有明显优势.     

地铁车站火灾中调度列车辅助站台人员疏散方法研究

随着我国城市地铁建设的发展,复杂多层地铁站台形式的出现导致地铁车站火灾发生时底层站台人员疏散所需时间常超出现有规范.提出调度列车疏散站台人员的方式,论证了地铁列车辅助站台人员安全疏散措施的可行性,给出了列车发车间隔、列车运行速度、站间距离等因素对疏散所需时间的影响,结果表明发车间隔是决定列车疏散所需时间的主要因素.研究工作可以为同类地铁站台人员安全疏散设计和应急预案制定提供参考.     

游憩导向下国土空间生态修复的理论与模式

游憩导向下国土空间生态修复是将受损生态空间保护与休闲空间融合的重要手段,是构建山水林田湖草命运共同体与提高人类福祉的重要内容。基于国内外研究现状,界定了游憩导向下国土空间生态修复的概念,提出其应遵循生态系统服务理论、人地关系地域系统理论、区位理论、景观基因理论、大地艺术理论五大理论逻辑。基于实践案例归纳了游憩导向下生态修复模式类型、特征与问题,并提出实践模式的五大优化路径,包括明确功能适宜、效益最优的修复导向,建立多级空间尺度联动的传导机制,提升游憩导向下生态修复地的地方嵌入性,加强修复效果的动态监测评估,构建可持续的建设与运营管理模式,以期为游憩导向下国土空间生态修复和保护提供理论和实践参考。     

面向驾驶员辅助系统的换道意图辨识方法研究

为提高先进驾驶员辅助系统工作效能,通过差异性分析选取了人-车-路特征参数,建立了支持向量机换道意图辨识模型.基于驾驶模拟器采集的数据,运用ROC曲线对比分析了不同参数组合、时窗、数据表达形式下模型的分类效果,结果表明以方向盘转角、加速度、车辆距车道线距离和驾驶人头动信息为特征参数,时窗为1.5s,以时窗内信息均值和方差表述特征参量可获得最优辨识效果.研究表明,模型在保证1 s前瞻性的同时辨识率可达93％.     

Development and Integration of a Groundwater Simulation Model to an Open Geographic Information System

This study presents the implementation of a spatial decision support system (SDSS) named ARENA. The program has been developed based on object‐oriented concepts using the Java programming language. The SDSS is made up of a groundwater simulation tool coupled to an open geographic information system (open GIS). Both the open GIS and groundwater simulation package share common spatial and nonspatial entities during the modeling process. A dedicated interface provides direct access to the GIS data without the need of external files. The finite element method is used to solve the partial differential equation that governs groundwater flow. The system implementation is presented by depicting the main classes and coupling procedures. A study case demonstrates the applicability of the simulation tool.     

Study on urban water environmental support capacity

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