深埋煤矿巷道锚杆支护设计探讨

合理有效的锚杆支护理论是巷道支护设计的关键.以岩石具有自稳能力为前提,对巷道开挖后岩体不稳定区域进行了划分,以此作为锚杆支护设计的参照标准.以白羊岭煤矿东翼回风大巷为例,进行了相关锚杆支护设计.数据监测表明,该支护设计方法合理可行,具有推广价值.     

城市灭火救援决策支持系统研究述评

随着经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,城市火灾危险因素越来越多,火灾仍然是各种灾害中发生最频繁且具有很强破坏性的一种。充分利用现代化的技术手段,包括计算机技术、现代通信技术、管理信息系统技术、地理信息系统技术,建立基于GIS的消防决策支持系统,有效调度和科学利用消防减灾资源,这对于减少火灾造成的损失是十分必要的。本文对灭火救援决策支持系统的国内外研究和应用现状进行了综述和分析,分析了现有灭火救援决策系统存在的问题,并指出了消防灭火救援决策支持系统的发展趋势。     

Human behaviour and evacuation time for large underground comprehensive buildings during fire risk process

Human factors play an indispensable role in process safety during fire risk process. Fire evacuation of underground comprehensive buildings is a critical consideration for practical importance. Here, evacuation experiments were conducted in the Guangzhou East Railway Station Plaza, a large underground comprehensive building in Guangdong, China, with the plaza occupants as the participants. The evacuation factors, namely evacuation time and evacuee-selected evacuation routes, were evaluated using empirical equations (the Togawa model and the Melinek and Booth model) and evacuation modelling software (EVACNET 4 and composite occupant evacuation model). The experimental data were used to verify the empirical equations and evacuation models and to modify specific empirical parameters. The effect on escape route judgement and selection under emergency situations was analysed. The results demonstrated that direct access to outdoor exits could considerably reduce evacuation time. The experimental N and t_s were 1 person/m·s and 28 s, respectively. The total evacuation time was 281 s, and the EVACNET 4 and composite models’ simulations of safe evacuation were 285–290 s, which was consistent with the experimental data—validating the high accuracy and applicability of the models.     

小凌河矿回采巷道交叉点支护技术研究

为了得出小凌河矿回采巷道交叉点处的支护方案,建立了FLAC3D数值模拟模型。针对南票煤电集团小凌河煤矿-580 m南翼溜煤道处于大倾角、受动载影响的地质条件,理论分析了交叉巷道围岩应力与变形特点,通过FLAC3D数值模拟与工程类比确定了联络巷支护方案。分析了巷道交叉点围岩应力分布和位移规律分布,确定了巷道交叉点处的补强支护方案,顶板采用钢筋托梁组合锚杆支护,并进行锚索补强。交叉的两条巷道在保持原有支护参数的基础上通过增加顶板锚索的根数来提高支护强度。结果表明,在顶板采用钢筋托梁组合锚杆支护和锚索补强,可有效控制围岩离层和结构面变形。数值模拟和传统方法相比,针对性强,更快捷方便。     

Decision support tools for collaborative marine spatial planning: identifying potential sites for tidal energy devices around the Mull of Kintyre,Scotland

The expansion of offshore renewable energy production, such as wind, wave and tidal energy, is likely to lead to conflict between different users of the sea. Two types of spatial decision support tools were developed to support stakeholder workshops. A value mapping tool combines regional attributes with local knowledge. A negotiation support tool uses these value maps to support stakeholders in finding acceptable locations for tidal energy devices. Interactive value mapping proved useful to address deficiencies in data and to create credibility for these maps. The negotiation tool helped stakeholders in balancing objectives of the various stakeholders.     

航材一体化装备保障研究

“建立和完善军民融合式的军队保障体系,走出一条中国特色军民融合式发展路子”这是党的十七大提出的明确要求。装备保障是充分发挥装备作战效能的关键,而航材保障是装备保障的重要基础。随着武器装备体系建设的不断完善和快速发展,对航材备件的保障提出了更高的要求。对航材一体化保障国内发展现状及一体化保障优势进行阐述,对发展基本途径进行分析,并指出了航材一体化装备保障的发展方向。     

Integrated Freshwater Solutions — A New Zealand Application of Mediated Modeling

Mediated Modeling (MM) refers to “model building with stakeholders,” enabling collaborative learning and decision support. This article presents results from the Integrated Freshwater Solutions (IFS — www.ifs.org.nz ) action research project in the Manawatū River watershed, New Zealand. Water quality in the watershed often rates poorly, with the key issues being sedimentation, eutrophication, and habitat destruction. IFS is to develop and test MM to support collaborative and adaptive freshwater management. The project team was presented with the opportunity to collaborate with the Manawatū River Leaders' Forum (MRLF), an initiative driven by the Regional Council to improve water quality. This article describes the process of MM and how it was adapted to meet the needs of MRLF stakeholders. This highlights some important conditions for collaborative and adaptive capacity building. The MM/MRLF stakeholders, represented: industry, farming, local and regional authorities, environmental groups, and indigenous Māori iwi/hapū (tribe/sub‐tribe). This article describes how MM assisted early in the collaborative process to develop the following: (1) a shared and more integrated understanding of causes and effects and (2) a sense of the order of magnitude of the problems and the impact proposed solutions might have. It also describes how the context of politics, time, and resource constraints played an important role reverting to a more traditional planning approach part way through the process.     

Using consequence – based hazard zone assessment for effective evacuation planning of vulnerable settlements along hazmat transport corridors through industrial city of Surat in western India

Following a toxic hazmat release, decisions need to be made vis-a-vis a safe evacuation distance for population along the transportation route, or whether to shelter-in-place if there is insufficient time to conduct an evacuation. The first responder may have to take these decisions through a quick estimation of the Initial Isolation Zone (IIZ) and protective action distances based on assumed rate of releases. Real-time evacuation planning models could be used for effective evacuation purposes. However, factors that usually were taken into account include weather conditions, population density, time of day, and uncertainty about the chemicals involved and/or the accumulating concentrations in public areas. Emergency planning including evacuation in India is generally in line with UNEP's APELL (Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level) methodology. However, quantitative risk based assessment is catching up particularly in large industrial zones. The paper highlights a case study of the evaluation of identified seven critical evacuation planning zones along three highway study routes in and around the industrial city of Surat in western India. The elapsed time after a release is estimated through ALOHA and evacuation travel time estimates are made for each zone. For identified scenarios, evacuation of IIZ, generally comprising of road side population, is effectively possible in six out of seven identified emergency planning zones except in zone-7, where certain people would still be exposed, as full evacuation may not be achieved. However, shelter-in-place would be advisable for population residing in permanent settlements within the protective action zone.     

大型体育馆消防性能化设计中安全疏散时间的分析和研究

《体育建筑设计规范》对体育馆安全疏散时间有明确的要求,对于二级耐火等级的体育馆控制疏散时间定为3min～4min。以此作为某大型体育馆消防性能化设计中安全疏散时间依据,运用人员疏散模拟软件分别对体育馆安全疏散时间进行的分析和比较,探讨了具体案例中如何确定和评估消防性能化设计的安全水平,即消防性能化设计安全水平不应低于处方式安全水平的设计理念。研究结果表明,现行设计宽度可满足疏散要求,充分保证人员的安全疏散。     

超高层建筑人员电梯辅助疏散及其影响参数研究

针对传统疏散方式很难在短时间内有效地将人员疏散至室外安全区的难题,研究分析了超高层建筑中人员疏散策略以及电梯作为辅助人员疏散方式的可行性。首先,对人员疏散速度进行了研究,对电梯运行特性进行了分析;然后,利用数值模拟的方法,对影响电梯辅助疏散的参数进行研究,以对超高层建筑人员疏散以及疏散电梯的设计提供理论参考。结果表明,电梯与疏散楼梯相结合的疏散方式能够快速地完成高层建筑内部人员疏散。该组合疏散方式中决定总疏散时间的主要因素是疏散人数、电梯运行速度、电梯容纳人数、电梯疏散人员比例。当电梯疏散人数占总体疏散人数的40％时,疏散总时间最短。