RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VARIATION OF LUNISOLAR TIDAL FORCE AND EARTHQUAKES IN TAI WAN

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Intrageneric differences in the four stereoisomers of stenusine in the rove beetle genus, Stenus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

Most species of the rove beetle genus Stenus employ the spreading alkaloid stenusine as an escape mechanism on water surfaces. In the case of danger, they emit stenusine from their pygidial glands, and it propels them over the water very quickly. Stenusine is a chiral molecule with four stereoisomers: (2′R,3R)-, (2′S,3R)-, (2′S,3S)-, and (2′R,3S)-stenusine. The percentile ratio of these four isomers is only known for the most common species of the genus: Stenus comma. With the intention of determining the stereoisomer ratios of five additional species from the two subgenera, Stenus and Hypostenus, we used GC/mass spectrometry measurements with a chiral phase. The results showed that the ratio differs among the genus. These findings can be a basis for chemotaxonomy. It is also possible that the biological function of stenusine, e.g., as antibiotic or fungicide, varies with changing stereoisomer composition.

溶液条件对磷酸钙沉淀法回收磷的影响

磷酸钙沉淀法是从富磷废水中回收磷的主要工艺.为优化工艺,利用批次沉淀实验、热力学模拟计算和X-射线衍射法研究了溶液pH值、初始Ca/P物质的量比、碳酸根和腐殖质浓度对磷酸钙沉淀的影响.结果表明,初始Ca/P物质的量比为1.67,磷酸根浓度为0.35 mmol/L、0.70 mmol/L、1.4 mmol/L时,能够实现快速反应的最小pH值分别为9.5、9.0和8.0.最终沉淀产物以热力学上最稳定的羟磷灰石形态存在.pH=8.0时,碳酸根和腐殖质会抑制磷酸钙沉淀反应; 但pH>9.0时,它们对反应的影响甚小.提高溶液pH值和Ca/P物质的量比均可降低干扰,有效提高沉淀反应效率.调控溶液pH值和Ca/P物质的量比是利用磷酸钙沉淀工艺从废水中回收磷的关键.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water usage of tomato seedlings under different ammonium/nitrate ratios

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is generally expected to enhance photosynthesis and growth of agricultural C3 vegetable crops, and therefore results in an increase in crop yield. However, little is known about the combined effect of elevated CO2 and N species on plant growth and development. Two growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio and elevated CO2 concentration on the physiological development and water use of tomato seedlings. Tomato was grown for 45 d in containers with nutrient solutions varying in NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios and CO2 concentrations in growth chambers. Results showed that plant height, stem thickness, total dry weight, dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots, G value （total plant dry weight/seedling days）, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf-level and whole plant-level water use efficiency and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings were increased with increasing proportion of NO3- in nutrient solutions in the elevated CO2 treatment. Plant biomass, plant height, stem thickness and photosynthetic rate were 67%, 22%, 24% and 55% higher at elevated CO2 concentration than at ambient CO2 concentration, depending on the values of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio. These results indicated that elevating CO2 concentration did not mitigate the adverse effects of 100% NH4^＋-N （in nutrient solution） on the tomato seedlings. At both CO2 levels, NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios of nutrient solutions strongly influenced almost every measure of plant performance, and nitrate-fed plants attained a greater biomass production, as compared to ammonium-fed plants. These phenomena seem to be related to the coordinated regulation of photosynthetic rate and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings.     

崇明东滩潮间带硫酸盐还原菌及有机质含量的初步研究

针对崇明东滩湿地不同潮滩和不同高程的土壤采样,进行了MPN法微生物计数、沉积物有机质含量的测定,计算了SO42-和Cl-浓度的摩尔比,研究了硫酸盐还原菌的分布状况、与有机质含量的相关性、以及植物根际环境对其生长的影响.结果表明,不同高程潮滩同一深度的硫酸盐还原菌数量,按大小排序为:中潮滩高潮滩光滩.同一潮滩不同深度的硫酸盐还原菌含量,均显示为51～52 cm21～22 cm81～82 cm,说明东滩湿地51～52 cm的土壤深度是硫酸盐还原菌生长的主要层位,与存在较好的适于硫酸盐还原菌生长的条件有关.不同深度土壤中的有机质含量,呈现高潮滩中潮滩光滩的趋势.从21～51 cm处,随着深度的增加,有机质含量减少但硫酸盐还原菌的数量却大幅增加,说明硫酸盐还原菌利用土壤中的有机质进行了还原反应.所有土壤样品的SO42-/Cl-摩尔比值均0.05,表明硫酸盐还原菌十分活跃地进行着硫酸盐还原作用.芦苇根际中硫酸盐还原菌含量是最高的,说明东滩湿地芦苇的根际环境对硫酸盐还原菌的生长具有促进作用,而藨草根际的硫酸盐还原菌数量相对非根际环境较低,说明不同的根际效应对于东滩硫酸盐还原菌的生长有不同的影响.     

吹脱法处理垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的主要影响因素

本试验用吹脱塔对西安市江村沟垃圾填埋场的高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液进行了吹脱试验研究。通过不同的温度、风量、pH值、气水比、水力负荷及分别用NaOH和Ca(OH)2调pH对氨氮去除效率的影响,得出了该渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的吹脱工艺条件。在水温高于20℃、风量为960 m3/h、pH值为10.5,气水比在4 000的条件下,氨氮的去除效率可达到94.0%。经吹脱处理后的垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮浓度满足后续生物处理的营养比例要求,是垃圾渗滤液处理中可行的预处理工艺。     

某高校不同类型教室声环境特点实验研究

目的:通过对北京市某高校的九类异形教室的混响时间测量和理论分析,研究不同长宽高之比的教室的混响时间的规律,从而为学校教学楼的声学设计提供依据。方法:实验主要应用01dBSolo声级计对某高校的九类不同类型教室的空场和满场混响时间进行测量,并通过SPSS统计软件分析测得数据,并进行回归分析。结论:九类不同长宽高之比的教室测量值并不遵循理论计算值和推荐值,其测量值呈现一定的规律,呈三次曲线(Cubic)分布。     

Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario (solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set), wind speed, building aspect ratio (building-height-to-street-width), and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) such that a higher standard of air quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the current model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind speeds under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO₂ and O₃. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and air aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind speed were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of O₃ concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.