河南省秸秆能源化利用研究

在日益严峻的能源短缺和环境污染的双重压力下,进行秸秆能源化的开发和利用对于河南新型城镇化建设具有重大战略意义.河南秸秆资源丰富,但秸秆能源化利用尚处于初级阶段,利用率非常低,只有健全秸秆收储体系,改进各种秸秆能源化利用方式的技术性能,加强应用和推广,提升秸秆能源化利用的经济效益,加大对秸秆能源化利用相关主体的引导和扶持,提供政策和资金支持,才能为河南秸秆能源化发展提供良好的环境.     

生态毒理基因组学——后基因组时代生态毒理学的新领域

基因组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学技术为生态毒理学的发展提供了生物高通量的技术手段,构成了新的交叉学科——生态毒理基因组学.生态毒理基因组学着重研究环境毒物暴露下非靶生物基因和蛋白的表达,能够在基因组水平上更深入地理解环境污染物的致毒机制,同时,它引进生物标志物为生态风险评价提供了平台.论文对生态毒理基因组学的发展历程、技术支持、模式生物及其在生态风险评价方面的应用进行了综述,以推动生态毒理基因组学技术在我国的进一步发展.     

Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variations in Methyl Mercury Concentrations in Zooplankton from Boreal Lakes Impacted by Deforestation or Natural Forest Fires

We compared the effects of natural and anthropogenic watershed disturbances on methyl mercury (MeHg) concentration in bulk zooplankton from boreal Shield lakes. MeHg in zooplankton was monitored for three years in nine lakes impacted by deforestation, in nine lakes impacted by wildfire, and in twenty lakes with undisturbed catchments. Lakes were sampled during spring, mid- and late summer. MeHg in zooplankton showed a seasonal trend: concentrations were the lowest in spring, then peaked in mid-summer and decreased in late summer. Over the three study years, MeHg concentrations observed in mid-summer in zooplankton from forest harvested lakes were significantly higher than in reference and fire-impacted lakes, whereas differences between these two groups of lakes were not significant. The pattern of distribution of MeHg in zooplankton during the different seasons paralleled that of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is known as a vector of Hg from watershed soils to lake water. Besides DOC, MeHg in zooplankton also showed a positive significant correlation with epilimnetic temperature and sulfate concentrations. An inter-annual decreasing trend in MeHg was observed in zooplankton from reference and fire-impacted lakes. In forest harvested lakes, however, MeHg concentrations remained higher and nearly constant over three years following the impact. Overall these results indicate that the MeHg pulse observed in zooplankton following deforestation by harvesting is relatively long-lived, and may have repercussions to the accumulation of MeHg along the food chain. Therefore, potential effects of deforestation on the Hg contamination of fish should be taken into account in forest management practices.     

探索资源共享机制研发环境监测技术转化平台

阐述了公益与行业共性技术的概念和研发环境监测技术转化平台的必要性,介绍了平台的组织运行机制和网络平台的建设内容,指出该平台对加速科技成果转化、实现监测资源共享具有重要意义.     

高含盐废水脱盐处理技术研究进展

综述了几种常见的高含盐废水脱盐处理技术的发展历程、工艺原理、优缺点及目前的研究进展,分析了热分离、膜分离、电渗析、离子交换、电吸附、微生物脱盐等方法的优缺点,展望了未来废水脱盐工艺的发展方向。指出：脱盐方法将根据各类水体的水质特点更加精细化;多种脱盐技术联合应用也是今后废水脱盐的发展方向。     

环保型塑料产业进展

本文在持续跟踪环保型塑料产业动态的基础上,从原料开发、产品设计、废弃物回收利用等方面,综述了生物基和石油基环保型塑料产业的最新进展,旨在为塑料研发人员和相关产业工作者开拓思路。指出:环保型塑料是未来塑料产业发展的重要方向,非环保型塑料的市场份额将逐步被环保型塑料占据,最后稳定在较低的水平上。     

脱硝催化剂的失活机理及其再生技术

采用SEM、XRD和XRF对电厂失活脱硝催化剂进行表征,探讨其失活原因和机理。结果表明:电厂脱硝催化剂失活的主要原因是活性组分V的流失及碱金属K、碱土金属Ca和As元素造成的催化剂中毒,烟气中飞灰的沉积也有一定的影响。经吹扫、水洗、酸洗和V负载再生,催化剂的各项物化性质基本恢复,NOx转化率基本达到新鲜催化剂的水平。水洗主要去除催化剂中的碱金属,酸洗主要去除As2O3,负载V补充催化剂活性组分。V再生催化剂在较高温度下的抗硫性能更好。     

2种再生水深度处理工艺对有毒有机污染物去除效果的评价研究

采用固相萃取(SPE)技术和气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)的方法对2个再生水厂的进水和不同深度处理工艺出水中的有毒有机污染物进行了定性和定量分析,讨论了这2种不同再生水深度处理工艺对有毒有机污染物的去除效果.结果表明,厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A2/O)+连续微滤技术(CMF)+加氯消毒处理工艺和水解酸化+膜生物反应器(MB...     

锅炉温控炉拱的设计及燃烧技术性能

论述了将小型链条炉排工业锅炉的炉拱设计成在运行中可以全量调节的结构,以适应燃用多种煤种的需要,并减少与固定拱操作有关的意外伤亡事故。这项技术有创新性,适用性和推广价值     

煤矿自燃火灾治理关键技术的研究与应用

介绍了使用同位素测氡法探测煤矿自燃火源位置的原理及应用效果。实践证明,该方法是解决煤矿自燃火灾治理难题的关键技术,由于投资少,精度高,软件处理直观可靠,它有重要推广价值