Alternatives to gas flaring: a multi-criteria decision approach applied to a case study in Russia

During recent years, the issue of gas flaring has become an increasingly relevant problem for the international community. The claim to more sustainable development offers a renewed prospective in the observation of gas flaring and emphasizes that recovering the associated gas could induce economic, environmental and social benefit. The true core of the issue, as is widely accepted, is not a lack of appropriate technologies, but in the number of criteria involved, which makes it difficult to identify a list of alternatives and connecting all the involved stakeholders in the negotiation process. The complexity of this problem can be mitigated using a decision-making method. The objective of the present work is to identify and formulate a supportive decision system based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Application of the model to a real case underlines the strengths and weaknesses of the model, leading to the conclusion that a selection of the most sustainable alternatives needs to be based on a number of criteria that need to be recognized and agreed amongst the stakeholders.     

伴生矿开发利用辐射环境管理机制探讨

伴生矿开发利用引起的天然放射性水平升高正受到国内外的广泛关注。通过介绍和分析我国伴生矿辐射环境管理的现状及其存在的问题,认为问题的制度成因主要是监管职责不明确、资金保证制度和废物处置导则的缺失,在此基础上提出以监管机构为主导,开发废物处置示范工程和建立资金保证制度等政策建议,以推进我国伴生矿辐射环境管理的有效实施。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

抚顺市大气污染颗粒物来源特征研究

在5个采样点分别采集了环境大气中的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10),用富集因子分析法和化学质量平衡法解析了TSP和PM10的来源。结果表明,各主要污染源对TSP的主要分担率为煤烟尘41.6%,扬尘29.1%,冶金尘5.3%,建筑水泥1.5%,汽车尾气0.8%,燃油0.4%,有机碳21.3%;对PM10的主要分担率为煤烟尘45.8%,扬尘26.8%,冶金尘4.4%,建筑水泥0.5%,汽车尾气1.3%,燃油0.2%,有机碳20.9%。     

水质总氮测定中影响因素分析

通过大量水质中总氮的测定实践，总结出蒸馏水纯度、加热氧化时间、试剂纯度及储存时间、波长的准确定位以及实验室环境等因素均会对测定结果的准确性产生影响。对以上影响因素进行逐一分析和实验对比，提出改进建议，以减少分析误差提高测试准确性。     

港口起尘影响因素分析及粉尘污染控制措施与建议

介绍了港口粉尘污染类型,港口粉尘污染包括静态污染和动态污染,容易产生粉尘污染的常见固体散货码头有煤炭码头、矿石码头和水泥码头等,对煤炭、矿石等固体散货码头的起尘影响因素进行了分析,不同货物的种类和粒径、含水率、风力及储存方式等均对港口起尘产生影响,从码头和堆场装卸过程、港口物料输送过程、堆场和港区内道路等角度分别介绍了粉尘污染控制措施,对前沿的防尘方式,如防风网和筒仓的抑尘机理及在国内外的应用情况进行了介绍,并从港口选址、平面布置、管理、监测和科研等角度对港口污染防治提出建议。     

叶绿素a与环境因子关系的研究——以三明地区某水源地为例

根据2009～2012年水源地水质自动监测所得数据,分析叶绿素a的动态变化与环境因子的相关关系,筛选影响叶绿素a含量变化的环境因子。分析表明:该水源地水库水质状况属贫营养型,其中叶绿素a含量变化主要受总磷、水温、高锰酸盐指数影响,以这3种影响因子建立起的多元回归方程能较好的预测水库叶绿素a的变化趋势。     

浅谈绿色生态住宅供需双方应注意的问题

介绍了绿色生态住宅理念的提出背景、绿色生态住宅所遵循的战略及其内涵，指出绿色生态住宅的核心是遵循住宅可持续发展战略。一方面，重点从环境规划设计、室内环境质量、小区水环境、材料与资源及建筑节能等6个方面论述了开发商在开发建设绿色生态住宅时应达到的技术和标准，以规范绿色生态住宅的开发与建设；另一方面，提醒消费者在购买绿色生态住宅时应着重考虑日照时间、空气湿度、主导风向和空气质量等气象因素及环境要素。     

环评中提高公众参与的有效性

目前，我国环评公众参与的环境法律和办法已经规定了一系列原则性程序，但是公众参与在实践中仍然存在一定的局限性。因此，本文针对工作中遇到的影响公众参与有效性的因素展开了较为深入的探讨，并提出了相应的解决办法：为公众参与机制的逐步完善提供参考。     

影响高锰酸盐指数测定的三个主要因素

影响高锰酸盐指数测定准确性的三个主要因素是空白值、水浴加热时间和滴定时间。本文通过环境标准样品 的测定,考察这三个因素对高锰酸盐指数的影响程度。