The social impact of natural hazards: a multi‐level analysis of disasters and forms of trust in mainland China

This study aimed to assess the multi‐level effects of natural hazards on trust in Chinese society. Drawing on the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2012 and provincial disaster damage records, it examined the association between individuals’ past experiences of disasters and province‐level damage (measured by the number of affected people, deaths, and economic loss) and various forms of trust: in‐group; out‐group; generalised; and political. The findings indicate that Chinese individuals with experience of disasters have higher levels of out‐group trust but lower levels of political trust. Similarly, at the province level, damage owing to disasters over the past three years (2009–11) positively impacted on residents’ out‐group trust while negatively affecting their political trust. However, when provincial damage was aggregated for disasters over the past five years (2007–11), which included the devastating Sichuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, only total deaths had a positive effect on generalised trust.     

火炬系统安全隐患分析与整改措施

对近年火炬系统安全事故作了分析,结合石化企业火炬系统运行的现状,提出完善火炬管网、分液罐、气柜联锁和自动点火及长明灯等安全设施的建议。     

电动单梁起重机吊具冲顶引发起升电机坠落事故分析

针对一起电动单梁起重机吊具冲顶并引发起升电机坠落的起重作业事故,分析了事故起重机电气控制系统和现场紧急处置中存在的问题,指出了导致事故发生的直接原因和主要原因;并从完善起重机电气控制系统本质安全性和加强起重机械使用安全管理的角度提出了相应建议和意见,对预防类似事故的发生具有借鉴作用.     

河北省祖山风景区崩塌灾害特征与防治对策研究

以祖山为例,阐述了崩塌地质灾害的机理、特征和现状,并利用传递系数法对崩塌稳定性进行了计算和评价,采用削方卸载、修建抗崩塌挡土墙、构筑排水沟与格构等工程设施的防治对策及工程措施,取得了预期的效果。     

油气田工程职业病危害控制效果评价常见问题与对策

根据建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价技术导则要求,通过对油气田地面工程职业病危害控制效果评价及职业病防护设施竣工验收的实践经验,归纳评价过程中现场调查及检测常见的实际问题及难点,总结经验,探讨解决对策,使油气田建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价更加科学、公正、客观、真实。     

Recharge and Flow in the Medicine Lake Volcano–Fall River Springs Groundwater Basin,California

Isotopic measurements of the 34 m³/s discharge from the Fall River Springs of northern California indicate recharge from 50 km upgradient in high elevation regions of Medicine Lake Volcano. Age determinations suggest less than 20-year travel time. Data demonstrate Klamath Basin further north cannot be a recharge source. Mass balance calculations support that annual precipitation on the volcano supplies observed spring discharge, requiring 50%–75% recharge rates. Radiocarbon and δ¹³C of dissolved inorganic carbon indicate 30%–40% is derived from magmatic CO₂. Measured excess ³He is also consistent with the presence of magmatic gas derived from the Quaternary Age Medicine Lake Volcano.     

自然灾害社会脆弱性评估研究——以上海市为例

基于投影寻踪聚类模型(PPC),结合基于实数编码的加速遗传算法(RAGA),对上海市进行了自然灾害社会脆弱性评估的尝试。结果表明:①灾害社会脆弱性最高的为崇明县,其次为宝山区和金山区;②灾害社会脆弱性最低的是黄埔区,其次是徐汇区和静安区;③总体而言,灾害脆弱性较低的地区集中于上海城市中心区,而城市边缘区的社会脆弱性一般较高。     

青藏工程走廊(昆仑山口-清水湖段)地质灾害隐患点成因调查

通过野外实地调查发现,青藏工程走廊昆仑山口-清水河段发育的主要地质灾害隐患点有活断层儒移引起路基位错;活断裂作为导水通道,使冰丘穿刺路基;河岸坍塌导致铁路桥墩外露;铁路工程排水沟渗漏,铁路路基两侧水动力条件发生变化,导致铁路路基发生管涌;冻土冬季冻胀,夏季融沉导致路基裂缝、道路翻浆、管道变形;风力堆积作用导致青藏铁路护坡局部沙淤;风力吹蚀导致格拉输油管线外露。综合分析认为,青藏工程走廊昆仑山口-清水河段环境地质问题的产生是自然和人为因素复合作用的结果,应点、线、面结合考虑,综合治理。     

基于层次分析法的有毒作业场所职业危害程度分级指标研究

我国目前职业危害形势依然严峻,急、慢性职业中毒案例时有发生。对可能引起急、慢性职业中毒的有毒作业场所,按照其职业危害严重程度实施分级、分重点监管,成为我国职业危害监管工作需要解决的迫切需求。实施有毒作业场所分级监管的关键,是确定合理的分级指标,从而将有毒作业场所区分开。本文应用层次分析法,对有毒作业场所的各项评价指标进行分析,并最终确定毒物浓度超标倍数作为最终的分级指标,从而为制定有毒作业场所分级标准,开展有毒作业场所分级监管提供科学的依据。     

高含硫天然气勘探开发潜在危害分析与防范

川东北地区大型天然气矿藏中硫化氢含量较高,且带有高剧毒性和高腐蚀性,勘探开发难度较大。同时气田所处区域的岩土条件十分脆弱,洪涝、大风、冰雹等气候灾害经常发生,易引发泥石流、滑坡,形成地质灾害。另外气田所在地人口密度大,给勘探开发设施布局和居民安全带来很大困难。文章通过对川东北地区天然气勘探、开发过程中存在的潜在危害进行详细分析,提出风险防范技术与对策,以供参考。