广东土地退化及治理对策

本文概述土地退化的原因和状况。通过对广东山区土壤和东江流域低产耕地的大批土壤剖面分析数据的统计和推算,结果表明,广东的林地退化面积约占全省陆地面积的35％;旱地土地退化面积占全省旱地总面积的95％;水田土地退化面积约占全省水田总面积的25％。根据广东的省情,提出土地退化治理的对策:提高认识,增加投入,组织力量,开展调查摸底;制订整体治理规划,分步实施;明确治理的中心任务,推进面上治理利用,加强研究工作。     

基于CLUE-S和灰色线性规划的嘉兴北部土地利用优化配置研究

构建基于CLUE-S与灰色线性规划混合模型的土地利用优化配置方法,在导入区域政策、社会经济、生态目标和土地利用现状等条件下,进行土地利用数量结构与空间布局的统一优化,并以嘉兴北部地区为例进行实证研究,共设置现状趋势情景、规划目标情景和规划可持续情景这3种模拟情景.规划可持续情景侧重社会经济环境效益,故对建设用地快速增长和农用地持续减少起到明显调控作用,可实现生态敏感区环境和粮食安全的双重保护,是理想的土地利用优化方案.CLUE-S模型与灰色线性规划的耦合能够兼顾现状条件和区域发展目标,模拟土地利用的数量和空间变化,是解决土地资源优化配置问题的有效方法.     

NGOs come and go but business continues: lessons from co-management institutional arrangements for governance of the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve in Kenya

The objective of this paper is to examine the current institutional arrangements for governance of the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve (ASFR) and show their major contribution in the ASFR co-management business of conserving the forest and providing livelihoods to the poor forest-dependent communities. Despite the fact that funding from non-governmental organizations ended, the ASFR co-management business did not stall. The institutional arrangements for co-management were deemed to be the major component that contributed to the continuation of the ASFR co-management business. To demonstrate this hypothesis, the paper explores four main areas that shape the institutional arrangement of the ASFR co-management regime, informed by common property theories: (1) how governance arrangement structures for the ASFR are organized; (2) villagers’ perceptions and awareness of the co-management structure; (3) co-management arrangement for access, ownership and use of the various forest resources; and (4) importance of the forest resources to the households. The co-management piloting and non-piloting communities adjacent to the forest and who have been depending on the forest as a source of their livelihoods are compared in order to understand the role of the ASFR co-management institutional arrangements in the sustainability of its business.     

诱导排烟系统应用于地下车库的实验研究

运用实验研究的方法分析了诱导排烟系统在地下车库中应用的可行性,研究了布置方式、诱导风速等敏感参数对排烟效果的影响,主要分析了火源上游不同位置处温度的变化。结果表明,诱导排烟系统能有效地抑制烟气向上游的逆流并能加强烟气的热对流,降低上游烟气的温度;另外,开启少于均匀布置诱导风机数目下,菱形布置诱导风机下的排烟效果优于均匀排列布置;在实验风速范围内,诱导排烟系统对上游烟气的控制和降温能力随着诱导风速的增加而提高,同时,在火源功率一定的条件下,增大诱导风速对控烟效果的改善存在临界值。     

要积极稳妥地开展中水回用工作

作者根据我国水资源缺乏的实际情况,借鉴国外经验,提出我国的管水战略和开展建立不同规模、多种形式的中水道系统,并根据中水的不同水质分别利用的中水回用工作。     

不同布局高层建筑群的风环境状况评价

采用数值模拟方法对由6幢方形截面高层建筑组成的建筑群的周围风环境进行了计算和分析。6幢建筑起初呈两行三列布置,通过改变各列建筑的横向间距,得到了6种不同布局型式的建筑群。对各建筑群周围人行高度处的风速比和风速矢量场进行了计算和分析、比较,据此对不同布局形式的建筑群的风环境状况作了评价,提出了通过调整平面布局改善高层建筑群风环境的措施和建议。     

生态型城市用地布局的优化

城市生态环境已经成为影响城市发展的重要因子。当今城市空间拓展与结构转型步伐加快，但由于经济的快速增长和城市的蔓延扩展，城市生态变得异常脆弱，人地矛盾、经济发展和环境保护的矛盾相当突出。经济发达城市无锡市的生态环境问题相当突出，借鉴国外先进经验，研究自身的特点，无锡生态城市建设必须强化城市生态规划的作用，优化城市用地布局，发挥其丰富的河流、道路和湖边山体的绿色优势，营造网络型开敞式的生态空间，环境与经济才能协调发展。     

北美自由贸易区和欧盟的区域性环境政策浅析

环境因素逐渐成为影响全球和各国经济的重要因素，以北自由贸易区和欧盟为代表的区域性经济集团在环境态度及政策取向上已日趋一致，在对这２个区域性经济集团的环境制度性安排的特点进行分析后，探讨了在未来可持续增长模式下，世界环境政策发展的趋势；同时也分析了我国应积极采取的对策。     

钢线拉丝及表面处理生产线成套装备

主要论述了一种钢线拉丝及表面处理生产线成套装备的设计。该生产线的生产方式是多根钢线在牵引动力系统的作用下依次穿过各种处理设备,完成各道工序,实现钢线完成表面处理的目的。这个生产过程中,钢线可以完成放线、脱脂、退火、镀镍、造膜、烘干及收线一体化的工序。采用立体式布置,空间利用更为合理。     

The role of component arrangement in complex safety instrumented systems—A case study

The arrangement of components plays a key role in the performance of complex Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), in which a SIS logic solver is interlocked with other logic solvers, to share a final element, for instance. The position of the components and the way they are utilized affects the reliability characteristics, such as the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD), Spurious Trip Rate (STR), architectural sensitivity and model uncertainty. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches to elaborate on various aspects of component arrangement in complex SIS. Numerous simplified models are analyzed; new classification is introduced for SIS components based on their response to demand; a set of guidelines are developed for SIS architecture design, with a focus on component arrangement; and the use of these guidelines is demonstrated in a real-life example, where an existing turbine SIS is modified to incorporate a new over-speed protection system. The simplified models and the turbine upgrade project are also used to explain the issue of unknowns and uncertainties in reliability analysis and how these issues can be addressed in SIS architecture by optimizing component arrangement.