固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题及对策

针对固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出整治措施.     

可燃气体燃爆特性综合试验装置构建与甲烷试验

为研究半开敞空间内可燃气体爆炸过程,设计带有泄压面的气体爆炸室,并在此基础上构建一套可燃气体燃爆特性综合试验装置。运用该试验装置,研究预混塔内甲烷气体分层现象以及甲烷爆炸浓度与最小点火能之间的变化规律。甲烷分层试验结果表明:静置一段时间后,预混塔中甲烷浓度随高度的增加而增大。最小点火能试验结果显示,当甲烷的试验爆炸体积分数在10%～13%时,其浓度与点火能之间呈现比较平缓的变化关系,而当其体积分数小于10%或大于13%时,浓度稍微变化,其点火能将发生明显变化。     

基于单片机甲烷浓度监测的研究

设计了一种基于单片机来实现的甲烷浓度检测和报警功能的系统,该检测系统以AT89S52单片机为核心,包括有电源电路、传感器采集电路、信号放大电路、红外遥控电路、声光报警电路、显示电路等功能模块组成,通过传感器采集电路采集信号,输出与甲烷浓度对应电压信号,把电压信号进行A/D转换后送入单片机,经单片机处理后驱动器显示出被测气体甲烷浓度值,若被测甲烷浓度大于报警电路预设数值,报警电路发出报警,可以及时切断供电系统,防止瓦斯爆炸事故的发生.该系统采用高精度敏感元件,集成运算放大器INA128,ADc0809,以及远距离高可靠性通信芯片,且具有高速的处理能力,是一种电路设计新颖,参数测量准确,操作方便的甲烷浓度报警监控系统,实现了数字瓦斯气体的实时监控.为实现数字化井下测控和可视化综合管理提供了切实可行的方案.     

Alternative method to prevent thermal runaway in case of error on operating conditions continuous reactor

Thermal runaway was studied in a continuous tubular pilot reactor under steady-state regime. Different accident scenarii were conducted by making some errors on reactant concentrations and/or temperature feed. To prevent thermal runaway, control by direct contact by solvent injection was used at different reactor locations. This injection allowed controlling the maximum reaction temperature. A simplified analytical method to estimate the maximum reaction temperature along the reactor was used.Benefit of this control method was the diminution of computational time. Furthermore, by injecting solvent to control maximum reaction temperature, there is no need to shut down the unit. The control method was validated experimentally.     

松散煤体渗流传热试验装置研制

为研究松散煤体低温氧化及通风供氧下的渗流传热规律,研发了渗流传热试验装置。试验装置由气体加湿系统、气体加热系统、煤样反应系统、数据采集系统和安全保护系统组成;本装置可实现自动加湿、控温、自动采集数据及处理数据。为解决装置使用和运行中的安全问题,设计了断电保护、有害气体检测等措施,保障试验装置的安全、可靠。     

制导弹药火工元件加速寿命试验技术研究

准确判定组件的剩余寿命是制导弹药维修工作的重要组成部分。针对制导弹药火工元件的特点,分析了加速寿命试验的类型、加速应力、寿命分布和加速系数;研究了试验中的应力水平、样本选取和失效判定等问题;探讨了基于线性无偏估计的数据处理方法。该试验方法也适用于制导弹药其他组件的寿命预测。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

石化企业综合防雷技术探讨

分析了石化企业当前防雷工程中存在的问题,结合先进的防雷技术与产品,对防雷接地系统与接地、工程电子信号系统的防护提出一些改进意见。     

加氢站用45 MPa高压储氢瓶式容器火烧试验模拟*

为研究加氢站用高压储氢容器在火灾下的安全性能,采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对45 MPa高压储氢瓶式容器火烧试验过程进行模拟研究,结合气瓶火烧试验,分析高压储氢容器火灾下的热响应过程,研究不同因素对储氢容器压力泄放装置动作时间的影响。结果表明:613 s以内试验压力与模拟数据的最大相对误差为3.9%,模型误差在可接受范围;不同充装介质对安全泄放装置动作时间影响不大;不同充装压力对容器内介质压升速率影响较大,充装水平较高时压力泄放装置更快动作,较低的充装压力下容器内介质温升较快;不同环境温度对介质温升影响较小。     

新型矿用圆弧形薄壁防冲吸能装置屈曲特性数值分析*

为解决支架面对冲击地压产生的强冲作用容易失效、失稳的难题,针对现有矿用防冲吸能装置存在的不足,提出1种新型矿用圆弧形薄壁防冲吸能装置。采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟方法对新型防冲吸能装置与原有方形预折纹薄壁装置进行对比分析,同时研究新型防冲吸能装置在不同壁厚和不同轴向模块堆积个数情况下的屈曲特性。结果表明:圆弧形薄壁装置相比于方形折纹薄壁装置在相同厚度情况下其总吸能提升近20%,比吸能提高63%,装置防冲优势明显;在装置高度不变的情况下增加模块轴向堆积个数可有效降低压溃峰值荷载、荷载波动系数,增加平均压溃荷载;随着装置薄壁厚度降低,压溃峰值荷载、压溃平均荷载、总吸能与比吸能均降低,荷载波动系数增加,曲线波动性变大。