Effect of chronic exposure to acetaminophen and lincomycin on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and freshwater cladocerans Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa, and potential mechanisms of endocrine disruption

Chronic toxicity of acetaminophen and lincomycin were evaluated using freshwater organisms including two crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) and a fish (Oryzias latipes). H295R, a human adrenal cell was also used to understand the effects on steroidogenesis. In 21 d D. magna exposure, survival NOEC was found at 5.72 mg L⁻¹ and no reproduction related effects were noted at this level of exposure to acetaminophen, while 21 d survival or growth effects were not observed even at the highest exposure levels (153 mg L⁻¹) for lincomycin. In the chronic fish toxicity test, significant reduction in juvenile survival was observed at 30 d post-hatch (dph) at 95 mg L⁻¹ of acetaminophen, and 0.42 mg L⁻¹ of lincomycin. After the exposure to both pharmaceuticals, vitellogenin levels tended to increase in male fish at 90 dph. In the eggs which were prenatally exposed to 9.5 mg L⁻¹ of acetaminophen, reduced hatchability was observed. The results of H295R cell assay showed that both pharmaceuticals could alter steroidogenic pathway and increase estrogenicity. Endocrine disruption potentials and their ecological implication may deserve further studies. Our observations suggest however that ecological risks of both pharmaceuticals are negligible at the concentrations currently found in the environment.     

Delineation of soil and groundwater contamination using geophysical methods at a waste disposal site in Çanakkale, Turkey

Direct current (DC) resistivity, self potential (SP) and very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) measurements are carried out to detect the spread of groundwater contamination and to locate possible pathways of leachate plumes, that resulted from an open waste disposal site of Canakkale municipality. There is no proper management of the waste disposal site in which industrial and domestic wastes were improperly dumped. Furthermore, because of the dumpsite is being located at the catchment area borders of a small creek and is being topographically at a high elevation relative to the urban area, the groundwater is expected to be hazardously contaminated. Interpretations of DC resistivity geoelectrical data showed a low resistivity zone (<5 ohm-m), which appears to be a zone, that is fully saturated with leachate from an open dumpsite. The VLF-EM and SP method, support the results of geoelectrical method relating a contaminated zone in the survey area. There is a good correlation between the geophysical investigations and the results of previously collected geochemical and hydrochemical measurements.     

Environmental Degradation of Blends of Atactic Poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] with Natural PHBV in Baltic Sea Water and Compost with Activated Sludge

Degradation of atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (a-PHB) binary blends with natural poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV, 12 mol% of 3HV units), has been investigated and compared with plain PHBV in the compost containing activated sludge and under marine exposure conditions in the dynamic water of the Baltic Sea. Characteristic parameters of compost and the Baltic Sea water were monitored during the incubation period (6 weeks) and their influence on the degree of biodegradation is discussed. After specified degradation times of the experiments the weight loss of the samples, surface changes, changes in molecular weight and polydispersity as well as changes of the composition and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends have been evaluated. Macroscopic observations of the samples were accompanied by investigations using optical microscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. The degree of degradation of blends of a-PHB with PHBV depends on the blend composition and environmental conditions. In both environments studied the weight loss of plain PHBV was more significant than changes the molecular weight. In both environments only enzymatic degradation of the blends, which proceeds via surface erosion mechanisms, was observed during the incubation period.     

基于改进K-means和CNN的储罐罐底点蚀诊断模型

为解决储罐罐底点蚀问题,提出基于改进K-means和CNN的储罐罐底点蚀诊断模型,在传统聚类基础上引入肘部法则,保证k值选取3的准确性,将原始声发射信号特征参数和聚类后的类别信息输入模型进行训练,系统预测准确率高达99%。研究结果表明：该模型能够及时发现点蚀现象,指导管理者确定储罐开罐检查时间顺序,避免点蚀穿孔造成的人力、物力损失,降低储罐运行风险,保障储罐运行安全,研究结果可为罐底点蚀诊断提供技术支撑。     

对氯苯甲酸用于测量OH#方法探讨1.机理研究

对氯苯甲酸被用于臭氧氧化过程中羟基自由基的测量,为了检验对氯苯甲酸是否在测量过程中出现误差,进行了臭氧氧化对氯苯甲酸的间歇实验和半连续实验.结果表明,中性条件下间歇试验中,对氯苯甲酸可以强烈促进臭氧分解,它促进臭氧分解的能力比典型的促进剂甲酸和甲醇高10倍.半连续试验的结果进一步表明,臭氧氧化对氯苯甲酸时,可以形成中间产物过氧化氢,过氧化氢能和臭氧反应,形成大量的OH.,从而改变O3/OH.的链式反应,导致采用对氯苯甲酸测量OH.时出现误差.     

发展循环经济是21世纪环境保护的战略选择

阐述了发展循环经济就是保护环境,生态工业是循环经济的重要形态的观点,介绍了循环经济在国内外的实践情况.笔者认为,发展循环经济在我国势在必行,它必将成为我国21世纪环境保护的一个战略选择.并就发展我国的循环经济提出了5条建议.      

污泥活性炭的制备及其对染料废水脱色性能的研究

以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭,对比研究该吸附剂对酸性大红GR和活性红紫X-2R两种不同性质染料的吸附性能,并探讨了其对酸性大红GR的吸附规律.研究结果表明:用污泥活性炭作吸附剂处理浓度均为100 mg/L的上述两种染料废水,在pH值为6、投加污泥活性炭分别为5 g/L和6g/L时,脱色率可达99.89%和94.81%;污泥活性炭对酸性大红GR的吸附规律可用Langmuir方程描述.     

硝酸盐作为生物除磷电子受体的研究

研究了以硝酸盐作为电子受体进行生物除磷的可能性,并比较了硝酸盐和氧作为电子受体的差异.结果表明:聚磷菌能以硝酸盐作为电子受体替代氧进行生物除磷,但若存在有机碳源会抑制缺氧段磷的吸收.缺氧条件下磷的摄取速率与硝酸盐的质量浓度有关,浓度越高速度越快.硝酸盐的连续稳定加入有利于磷的去除.与以氧为电子受体的系统相比硝酸盐系统利用PHA的效率低,缺氧系统中去除磷和消耗PHA的比例为0.63,比好氧系统中的0.83低24%;缺氧时每摩尔电子转移所吸收的磷为0.14 mol,比氧为电子受体时的0.23 mol低39.1%.      

菲律宾蛤仔Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd及遗传杂合度的相互关系研究

测定了中国北方５个群体（青岛、烟台、兴城、大连、丹东）菲律宾蛤仔体内Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ含量，研究了４种重金属之间的相互关系及与遗传杂合度的相互关系。结果表明，Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ和Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ具有显著的相关性；Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ相关系数最大为０．９８３２，线性方程为：Ｃｚｎ＝５．２０７Ｃｃｕ－７．５８１６；Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ与杂合度相关系数为正，ｂｐ与杂合度相关系数为负，相关性均不显著。