A method for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican axolotl

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed for quantitative extraction of three organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. The determination was carried out using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array spectrophotometric UV detection (DAD). The MSPD extraction with octadecylsilyl (C18) sorbent combined with a silica gel clean-up and acetonitrile elution was optimised for chlorpyrifos, fenthion and methyl parathion. The method was validated, yielding recovery values higher than 90%. The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), was less than or equal to 6% in muscle samples at spiking levels of 10 and 5 ppm. Linearity was studied from 15 to 60 ppm for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, and from 7.5 to 30 ppm for methyl parathion. The limits of detection (LODs) were found to be less than or equal to 0.5 ppm_.This method was applied to the analysis of samples from a chlorpyrifos-exposed axolotl, demonstrating its use as an analytical tool for toxicological studies.     

烧结烟气中SO3的测定

建立了烧结烟气中SO3的检测技术,包括SO3的采集装置和测定方法。实验结果表明:质量分数为80%的异丙醇适宜作为吸收液,方法的回收率为95.79%~102.80%,相对标准偏差为0.46%~1.38%。该技术能有效消除烟气中粉尘及SO2对测定的干扰,具有准确、可靠、方便等特点,可应用于烧结烟气脱硫等装置日常运行中SO3含量的测定。     

Non-biological inhibition-based sensing (NIBS) demonstrated for the detection of toxic arsenic compounds

This work demonstrates the success of a recently developed technique in chemical amplification, non-biological inhibition-based sensing (NIBS), for the detection of toxic arsenic compounds. Screening for toxic arsenic compounds is especially important due to their prevalence in wastewater and water sources. The detection method presented in this work amplifies the chemical response of toxic arsenic compounds by developing a sensor chemistry where the analyte inhibits, rather than enhances, the rate of a catalytic reaction. This technique mimics the work done with enzyme inhibition; however, using non-biological molecules allows for selective detection without the shelf-life issue associated with biological molecules. Using NIBS we find that we can enhance the sensitivity of the system by two orders of magnitude with no apparent loss in selectivity. This work demonstrates the versatility of NIBS, showing that the technique can be of general use for the detection of toxic compounds.     

Incidence of thyroid disease following exposure to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls, Michigan, 1974-2006

Thyroid hormones, which influence body metabolism and development, could be affected by persistent organic pollutants. We sought to examine the relationship between polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and thyroid disease. We employed incidence density sampling to perform a nested case control analysis of the Michigan Long-Term PBB Cohort. Cohort members (n = 3333) were exposed to PBBs through contaminated cattle feed in 1973-1974 and to PCBs through daily life. Those with detectable serum PBB and PCB concentrations at enrollment were categorized into tertiles of PBB and PCB exposure. Case-patients were cohort members answering “Yes” to “Has a healthcare provider ever told you that you had a thyroid problem?” during follow-up interviews; control-patients were cohort members answering “No”. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare odds of thyroid disease by PBB and PCB exposure and by various risk factors. Total cumulative thyroid disease incidence after 33 years was 13.9% among women and 2.6% among men. After adjusting for body mass index, we found no statistically significant differences in odds of any type of thyroid disease among women or men with elevated PBB or PCB exposure. Compared to control-patients, women with thyroid disease had increased odds of being overweight/obese (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.94-4.11) and developing infertility (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.08-2.69), diabetes (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04-2.51), or arthritis (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.18-2.50) during follow-up. Additional research should explore potential associations between PBBs/PCBs and thyroid disease among children exposed in utero.     

Detecting deforestation with a spectral change detection approach using multitemporal Landsat data: a case study of Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia

Tropical deforestation is occurring at an alarming rate, threatening the ecological integrity of protected areas. This makes it vital to regularly assess protected areas to confirm the efficacy of measures that protect that area from clearing. Satellite remote sensing offers a systematic and objective means for detecting and monitoring deforestation. This paper examines a spectral change approach to detect deforestation using pattern decomposition (PD) coefficients from multitemporal Landsat data. Our results show that the PD coefficients for soil and vegetation can be used to detect deforestation using change vector analysis (CVA). CVA analysis demonstrates that deforestation in the Kinabalu area, Sabah, Malaysia has significantly slowed from 1.2% in period 1 (1973 and 1991) to 0.1% in period 2 (1991 and 1996). A comparison of deforestation both inside and outside Kinabalu Park has highlighted the effectiveness of the park in protecting the tropical forest against clearing. However, the park is still facing pressure from the area immediately surrounding the park (the 1km buffer zone) where the deforestation rate has remained unchanged.     

一种火场多参量在线监测系统的设计与实现

火场氧浓度降低、大量烟气遮挡视线和吸入毒性气体是造成火灾中人员无法逃生而窒息死亡的三大主要因素.基于波长调制光谱和谐波探测技术,利用光源调制实现了气体浓度的谐波检测;采用激光烟浓度检测方法,测得减光系数,以表征烟雾浓度.通过合理高效的系统光路和硬件设计,采用分时复用方法,大大缩短了检测周期,每2.5秒便可完成一次对火场多参量的检测,实现了同时对火场中多参量(包括火灾产物中O2、CO、CO2、HCN的浓度和烟雾浓度)的在线实时监测.     

二恶英类化合物检测方法的研究现状及展望

介绍了二恶英类化合物的检测方法,并对各种检测方法的原理和应用进行了对比分析;其中高分辨率色谱/质谱法、荧光素酶报告基因法及酶免役分析法在实践中取得了很好的检测效果;CALUX 法与其他生物检测方法相比更适合于大批量样品中二恶英含量的快速定量筛选,对于二恶英污染调查有广阔的应用前景;综述了我国二恶英类化合物检测方法的研究现状,并对我国开展二恶英分析监测提出了建议和展望.     

明亮发光杆菌培养的响应面优化及其对常见金属离子的毒性评价研究

随着人们对金属毒性认识的不断深入,对生物毒性检测方法的灵敏度提出了更高的要求.以发光度为响应值,通过响应面法对传统的明亮发光杆菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)培养基中主要组分的浓度进行了优化,得到了最佳培养基组成：氯化钠(25.00 g·L^-1)、胰蛋白胨(4.010 g·L^-1)、酵母浸出液(1.200 g·L^-1)、甘油(2.475 g·L^-1),在此条件下培养14 h后,发光细菌的发光度达到1.7×10⁹RLU,比优化前增加了1倍,菌浓度达到0.85,较优化前增加了5%.在优化培养基组分浓度的基础上,对其他条件(接种量、p H值、温度)进行了单因素发光度影响分析,发现在接种量1%(初始种子液OD₅₉₅为0.003),测定环境22～25℃,样品p H值为6～8的条件下,利用优化培养基进行急性毒性测定基本不会影响发光度.随后,基于优化后的培养条件对常见金属离子的急性毒性进行了评价,结果表明：除Fe²⁺、Zn...     

城市燃气管道泄漏检测方法探讨与评价

介绍了国内外用于燃气管道泄漏检测与定位的主要技术和方法,分析了各种方法的优缺点,对各种方法进行了比较与评价,并对燃气管道泄漏检测与定位方法的发展趋势做了探讨.     

民用飞行器重着陆事件决策系统研究

应用支持向量决策方法,解决飞行器重着陆事件诊断中受力分析复杂、样本量小的问题。探索飞行器接地阶段重着陆事件的形成机制,分别建立翼根载荷与起落架载荷的受力模型,研究飞机主体载荷与重着陆事件的非线性关系。研究重着陆决策所需样本集的小样本特性,提出支撑向量驱动的智能决策规则方法,进行重着陆事件诊断模型的建模研究。最后,建立重着陆事件决策系统。实例表明:该决策方法对于实例样本的诊断精度达到95.7%,对于提高着陆阶段的安全具有实际意义。