Real-time leak detection in oil pipelines using an Inverse Transient Analysis model

Based on Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA) method, a real-time leak detection method is proposed to capture leak location and the associated leak rate in oil pipe conveyance systems. In the proposed approach, location and flow rate of leak (if any), the fluid properties, as well as physical parameters of the system, are calculated in consecutive periods through minimizing the discrepancy between the calculated and measured flow parameters of the system. The method of characteristics is employed to numerically calculate the transient responses of the system and the genetic algorithm is utilized as the optimization engine. The proposed approach was applied to several real pipeline systems in which the required transient flow data are either directly collected from the field or fabricated with a third-party numerical software. Extensive numerical explorations were conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method in real-time leak detection and to determine the extent to which field data errors, stemming from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and measurement equipment, affect the leak flow rate and location detectability of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach provides promising results under a variety of transient and steady-state flow conditions even in the case with small leak flow rate of around 2% of the line rate. The results also reveal that the noises in the measurement data and the errors originated from SCADA systems do not significantly compromise the leak detectability of the proposed approach, confirming that the proposed approach can be utilized in practice.     

Correction model for CO detection in the coal combustion loss process in mines based on GWO-SVM

Accurate detection of CO gas is crucial to the prevention of coal combustion. Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a reliable method for CO detection during coal combustion. The influences of temperature and pressure cause changes in the line strength and linewidth of the index gases’ absorption spectra, leading to sizable measurement errors. To correct the distortion of the CO absorption spectrum caused by temperature and pressure fluctuation, a compensation model based on the grey wolf optimizer–support vector machine (GWO–SVM) was proposed. The results were compared with those of the single SVM, the back propagation neural network (BPNN), and multiple regression analysis (MRA). MRA was revealed to result in the lowest accuracy, which indicated that MRA is not ideal for compensation in TDLAS. The hyperparameter selection of the SVM had the disadvantages of randomness and blindness, which led to instability and large errors. The BPNN achieved better correction in the training stage, but severe overfitting occurred in the testing stage. The modified results revealed that the GWO–SVM model had higher accuracy and stability than the other models. It effectively inhibited the effects of temperature and pressure on the measured concentration and greatly improved the measurement accuracy. The equipment is thus suitable for CO gas detection with the aim to preventing coal combustion loss, and it can be further applied to loss prevention in other process fields.     

Positive polarotaxis in a mayfly that never leaves the water surface: polarotactic water detection in Palingenia longicauda (Ephemeroptera)

Tisza mayflies, Palingenia longicauda (Olivier 1791), swarm exclusively over the river Tisza (from which the name of the mayfly was derived). This river is bordered by a high vertical wall of trees and bushes, which hinder P. longicauda to move away horizontally from the water. During swarming, Tisza mayflies fly immediately above the river in such a way that their cerci touch the water frequently or sweep its surface. This continuous close connection with water and the vertical wall of the shore and riparian vegetation result in that Tisza mayflies never leave the water surface; consequently, they need not search for water. Several Ephemeroptera species move away far from water and return to it guided by the horizontal polarization of water-reflected light. To reveal whether also P. longicauda is or is not polarotactic, we performed a field experiment during the very short swarming period of Tisza mayflies. We show here that also P. longicauda has positive polarotaxis, which, however, can be observed only under unnatural conditions, when the animals are displaced from the water and then released above artificial test surfaces. P. longicauda is the first species in which polarotactic water detection is demonstrated albeit it never leaves the water surface, and thus, a polarotactic water detection seems unnecessary for it. The polarotactic behaviour of Tisza mayflies explains the earlier observation that these insects swarm above wet asphalt roads running next to river Tisza.     

Development of systems for detection, early warning, and control of pipeline leakage in drinking water distribution: A case study

The integrated system for the detection, early warning, and control of pipeline leakage has been successfully developed to manage the pipeline networks of Beijing.     

断层形变异常强度在跨断层水准测量中的应用——以安徽及临近地区为例

对苏鲁皖地区布设的跨“郯庐断裂”定点短水准资料及“霍山窗”内流动水准资料进行整理。根据断层活动速率求解断层形变异常强度,基于其变化特征与本区中强地震的对比研究,发现在研究区域断层活动整体处于断层形变强度较低的背景下局部断层活动异常对地震预测有一定的指示意义,中强地震多发在异常强度加强的年份或者其后,可以视为中尺度时间的...     

An E. coli SOS-EGFP biosensor for fast and sensitive detection of DNA damaging agents

An E. coli SOS-EGFP biosensor which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter protein under the control of recA gene promoter in SOS response was constructed for detection of DNA damage and evaluation of DNA damaging chemicals. The chemicals that may cause substantial DNA damage will trigger SOS response in the constructed bacterial biosensor, and then the reporter egfp gene under the control of recA promoter is stimulated to express as a fluorescent protein, allowing fast and sensitive fluorescence detection. Interestingly, this biosensor can be simultaneously applied for evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The SOS-EGFP bacterial biosensor provides a sensitive, specific and simple method for detecting known and potential DNA damaging chemicals.     

自动电位滴定仪测定氯化物的探讨

该实验就自动电位滴定仪测定氯化物的检出限、适用的水样pH范围及对其干扰物质的最大容忍浓度作了实验研究,对分析实际水样有一定的参考作用。     

管道泄漏检测技术进展

介绍国内、国际上有关管道泄漏检测的新技术、新设备及其应用情况，对管道泄漏检测技术的系统组成、技术要求及性能指标等方面分别作了阐述，比较了各种方法的优缺点，并指出管道泄漏无损检测的进展方向，以期在全面了解现有技术的基础上，设计出更加符合实际要求的装置，保证人们的生命财产安全和营造更加安全的生存环境。     

紫外有机物分析法在原水在线监测中的应用研究

比较了标准紫外分光光度法和紫外有机物分析法测定紫外吸光度的精密度,确定了紫外有机物分析仪测定的紫外吸光度SAC254值与有机物浓度参数UV254、高锰酸盐指数、TOC和DOC值之间的定量关系。试验结果表明,紫外有机物分析法具有操作、维护简单,无二次污染,实时响应快,精密度高等优点。原水SAC254值与标准方法测定的UV254、高锰酸盐指数、TOC以及DOC值之间都具有良好的相关性,可根据原水SAC254值的变化通过转换得到原水有机污染程度的变化趋势,为水厂工艺运行提供指导。     

实现环境保护战略目标的风险评价

本文剖析了实现环境保护战略目标的保障体系,通过故障模式影响分析建立了实现环保战略目标的故障树,并利用最小割集法获得故障树的结构函数及顶端事件发生的概率.结果表明,实现环保战略目标的风险为0.311.根据相对重要性大小对各最小割集进行排序,认为环保资金不到位是最显著的风险要素,其中环保投资比例偏低及环保资金管理不善是两个最主要故障.