Evaluation of alternative landfill cover soils for attenuating hydrogen sulfide from construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) generated from C&D debris landfills has emerged as a major environmental concern due to odor problems and possible health impacts to landfill employees and surrounding residents. Research was performed to evaluate the performance of various cover materials as control measures for H(2)S emissions from C&D debris landfills. Twelve laboratory-scale simulated landfill columns containing gypsum drywall were operated under anaerobic conditions to promote H(2)S production. Five different cover materials were placed on top of the waste inside duplicate columns: (1) sandy soil, (2) sandy soil amended with lime, (3) clayey soil, (4) fine concrete (particle size less than 2.5 cm), and (5) coarse concrete (particle size greater than 2.5 cm). No cover was placed on two of the columns, which were used as controls. H(2)S concentrations measured from the middle of the waste layer ranged from 50,000 to 150,000 ppm. The different cover materials demonstrated varying H(2)S removal efficiencies. The sandy soil amended with lime and the fine concrete were the most effective for the control of H(2)S emissions. Both materials exhibited reduction efficiencies greater than 99%. The clayey and sandy soils exhibited lower reduction efficiencies, with average removal efficiencies of 65% and 30%, respectively. The coarse concrete was found to be the least efficient material as a result of its large particle size.     

Modelling price fluctuations of ferrous scrap

This paper presents a model that analyses the interrelationships between markets of light non-flat steel products (such as concrete reinforcing bars) and iron and steel scrap, both of which are characterized by wide price fluctuations. The model, which was developed as a linear complementarity programming problem, seems to be robust in analysing unstable and simulataneous price movements of those markets. The model may be applied to other metal and scrap markets without substantial changes.     

凹凸棒石粘土脱硫剂脱除硫化氢实验研究

采用凹凸棒石脱硫剂在常温常压下脱除高浓度硫化氢(H2S),研究了凹凸棒石含量、活性组分含量和焙烧温度等因素在脱除H 2S中对脱硫效率和硫容量的影响.实验结果表明,以凹凸棒石为主原料、添加20%～30%(质量分数)的活性组分后,对高浓度低流速的H2S具有较高的脱除效率和较大的硫容量.     

催化湿式氧化处理高含硫废水的研究

利用催化湿式氧化法对一高含硫废水的处理效果进行了系统的研究。筛选出适合处理该种废水的WH型合金催化剂 ,并在此催化剂上考察了反应温度、压力、空速以及气水比 (体积 )等工艺条件对废水处理效果的影响 ,同时考察了废水在催化湿式氧化反应处理前后可生化性的变化。在 2 6 5℃、7.0MPa、空速 =1.0h- 1 、气 H2 O(体积 ) =2 0 0条件下 ,废水COD去除率可达到 77.1%。经过催化湿式氧化处理后 ,废水的BOD5 CODCr值显著提高 ,其值由 0 .0 16提高至 0 .6 4 ,可生化性良好     

低浓度硫化氢废气的液相催化氧化法净化实验研究

针对H2S浓度为750～1500 mg/m^3的气体的液相催化氧化技术进行了动力学实验研究.配制了以铁基离子作为主催化剂的复合吸收净化溶液,同时加入稳定剂和表面活性剂提高催化剂在碱性吸收溶液的活性.分别考察了原料气中H2S、O2含量以及吸收液中催化剂离子浓度、温度等因素对吸收速率的影响;确定了较为理想的吸收操作条件并获得了较好的吸收净化效果;饱和吸收液易于再生,净化性能恢复良好,可重复使用.     

生物催化氧化法脱除H2S的填料选择研究

针对H2S污染的严峻形势,构建了包括催化再生装置和生物滴滤器的生物催化氧化装置,进行了装置的填料选择研究.经对比试验得出填料脱硫性能的优劣顺序为:沸石＞焦炭＞多面空心塑料小球.在温度为30 ℃、进气量为0.25 m3/h、进气H2S为2 000 mg/m3、喷淋量为1 000 mL/h、喷淋液的pH为1.97、Fe3 为0.05 mol/L的条件下,装填沸石的生物催化氧化装置的出气H2S浓度足以达到<恶臭污染物排放标准>(GB 14554-93)规定的一级厂界标准值.试验证明,生物催化氧化法是有效的新型脱除H2S技术,具有良好的经济、社会及环境效益,应进一步开展中试研究.     

改进型生物滴滤塔处理H2S臭气的最适工艺条件研究

以H2S气体为研究对象,考察改进型生物滴滤塔的脱臭效能、最适工艺运行条件及其影响因素.试验结果表明,循环液喷淋量为10 L/s,气体流量为400 L/s的情况下,最高H2S负荷率可以达到68.2 g/m3·h;最适气体停留时间68.4 s.当入口H2S浓度分别为0～700 mg/m3、700～1000 mg/m3和大于1000 mg/m3时,对应的最适循环液喷淋量为10 L/s、15 L/s和60 L/s.H2S去除率100%的情况下,最大允许进气浓度可达1870 mg/m3,即最大H2S负荷率为98.4 g/m3·h.该研究表明,改进型生物滴滤塔具有较高的H2S去除能力,最适工艺运行条件的确定对污水厂臭气和化工行业产生的H2S处理具有一定的指导意义.     

活性炭吸附-微波技术再生处理粘胶纤维废气的研究

针对粘胶纤维厂冷凝处理后的废气浓度低的特点,开发了吸附-微波再生处理技术.主要考察了吸附剂的种类、H2S和CS2进口浓度、湿度的影响,同时还对微波再生条件和效果进行了实验.结果表明,活性炭对二硫化碳的吸附效果较好;H2S和CS2进口浓度很低（Ci＜200 mg/m^3）时对吸附影响不明显;湿度对吸附影响很大.实验亦证实,微波再生后的活性炭性能有很大的改善.     

硫化氢吸收净化技术研究进展

综合评述了硫化氢气体的吸收净化方法及特点。净化方法分为干法和湿法两大类。大部分干法脱硫剂均不能再生 ,硫容量相对较低 ,主要适于气体精细脱硫。吸收净化工艺能适应较高负荷的脱硫要求 ,应用面广 ,其中尤以吸收氧化法较突出。指出吸收氧化法中的铁基工艺尽管在工艺控制方面还有一定难度 ,但仍可作为一种有较大发展前途的方法。     

硫化零价铁的制备及去除头孢噻肟机理研究

采用后置硫化法制备了硫化纳米零价铁(S-nZVI),并采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法表征了材料表面形貌及元素化学形态等特性.同时,以头孢噻肟为目标污染物,考察了S-nZVI对其去除效率及去除机理等.结果表明,S-nZVI颗粒呈球形,平均粒径为56 nm,材料表面形成一层不连续的低密度FeS/FeSn.硫化率、Fe~(2+)和溶液p H均能影响S-nZVI对头孢噻肟的去除.S/Fe=1/4(质量比),S-nZVI投加量为0.5 g·L~(-1),溶液pH为8时,120 min内头孢噻肟的去除率为82.2%,远大于nZVI的去除率(23.4%).最后,采用液相色谱-电喷雾质谱分析了头孢噻肟的降解产物,发现头孢噻肟的降解主要是由酯基取代反应和内酰胺键的开环反应引起的.