Queen dimorphism and reproductive strategies in the fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Alate trapping studies of a monogyne population of the fire ant Solenopsis geminata indicate that two sizes of gynes are produced. Macrogynes, which participate in late spring and summer mating flights, are larger, fattier, and more than twice as heavy as microgynes, which participate in fall mating flights. Three patterns of gyne production were observed in 51 colonies studied: 35 produced macrogynes only, 9 produced microgynes only, and 7 produced both morphs, contributing to both summer and fall mating flights. Behavioral evidence and rearing studies suggest that macrogynes found new colonies independently, whereas microgynes achieve colony queen status by infiltrating or being adopted by established colonies. Of the total number of female alates collected from the trapped colonies, 56% were microgynes. However, because of their smaller size and lower fat content, microgynes made up only one-third of the caloric investment in female alates. By measuring the thorax lengths of queens from mature colonies, we determined that at least 56% were macrogynes and 35% or more were microgynes. These results indicate that as a reproductive strategy, colony investment in microgyne production may have at least as high a payoff as investment in macrogyne production.This is publication #24 of the Fire Ant Research Team     

K_4锅炉改善燃煤条件消烟除尘效果显著

采用机械燃烧方式和炉膛内部改造相结合方法以及装设省煤器和除尘器等技措施，对阜阳市青峰机械厂Ｋ４锅炉进行技术改造，不仅使排放烟尘达到国家标准，而且提高了锅炉热效率．经过几年运行实践，解决了Ｋ４锅炉烟尘污染问题，该方法对于保护环境，节约能源有较大的实用价值．     

Determining the optimal mix of federal and contract fire crews: A case study from the Pacific Northwest

Federal land management agencies in the United States are increasingly relying on contract crews as opposed to agency fire crews. Despite this increasing reliance on contractors, there have been no studies to determine what the optimal mix of contract and agency fire crews should be. A mathematical model is presented to address this question and is applied to a case study from the Pacific Northwest. Results show that the optimal number of agency crews is sensitive to assumptions about fire season severity and the availability of alternative work for agency crews on nonsuppression days.     

建筑物火险综合评价初探

论述了火险综合评价的要点及建筑物火险综合评价应考虑的回素，提出了建筑物火险综合评价体系。     

汕头市火灾损失预测初探

本文根据汕头市有关方面1993年1月提供的该市1987年至1993年火灾损失资料,采用灰色系统理论对该市后几年的火灾最低损失值进行预测,表明该系统是着眼于系统未来行为的预控制,是超前控制,因此控制具有实时性与适用性。     

中国古代城市防火减灾措施研究

论文探讨并整理出中国古代城市发展中形成一套行之有效的防火措施。这些防火技术具有一定的科学性．     

Temporal changes in wetland landscapes of a section of the St. Lawrence River,Canada

Historical aerial photographs (from 1946 through 1983) were used to study and describe the nature and extent of changes in wetland vegetation of a section of the St. Lawrence River and to evaluate the relative importance of water level, fire, and vegetational development as causal factors of these historical changes. Data were encoded and analyzed using a geographical information system, autocorrelation, and Mantel tests. Results show three temporal patterns in wetland dynamics. First, some wetland zones have been reduced by human activities (urbanization, landfilling, canal dredging). The second group consists of wetland areas that remain stable and do not change over time. They are generally protected sites artificially maintained by water-level control. A third situation has occurred in the Lake Saint-François National Wildlife Area, where no significant wetland losses were detected, but where landscape structure has changed greatly. Modeling with Mantel tests suggests that, in the latter case, these changes in wetland landscape are related to the suppression of burning (fires set deliberately by Indians) since the purchase of the territory by the Canadian federal government. This situation has caused rapid replacement of wet meadows byAlnus rugosa scrub and a possible decline in habitat diversity.     

中国消防科技现状与发展

本文介绍了中国消防事业发展的宏观概况；着重从消防科技实力、科研设施、科技成果应用即发展国际间消防科技合作等方面，回顾了近十年来中国消防科技发展成就；展望了中国在今年后十年内消防科技面临的任务；阐述了进一步加强消防科技工作的措施。     

火灾中硅酸盐水泥制品的膨胀爆炸与开裂

本文介绍了四川消防科研所自1972年以来开展的钢筋混凝土建筑构件和建筑材料耐火性能研究工作中关于硅酸盐水泥制品在火灾温度条件下膨胀、爆炸与开裂方面的实验研究情况。通过对有关各类以硅酸盐为重要成分的建筑构件和制品的反复试验研究与理论分析，初步掌握了一定程度的膨胀、爆炸以及开裂的物理、化学变化特征。着重指出了应用于建筑中的硅酸盐水泥制品－诸如混凝土构建或装修板材之类，它们的这些特性对建筑物的防火、灭火都有很大的威胁，应该对其产生的根本原因和预防对策进行更加深入的研究，以避免因制品的破坏而导致火灾蔓延和减少消防人员在扑救火灾过程中所造成的不必要的伤亡。