基于GIS的地震次生火灾起火点预测

地震次生火灾对人类的危害极大.本文在对以往历史数据的统计基础上,模拟出城市每10万平方米建筑地震次生火灾发生件数与地震地面加速度峰值的关系,并由此计算了地震后火灾发生的件数.     

图像型火灾火焰探测原理

根据火灾火焰的颜色特性、闪烁频率特性、形态变化特性及其发生发展在图像上所表现出来的趋势特征,设计分析了图像型火灾火焰的序列帧识别原理,并结合工程应用的分类特性,论述了图像型火灾火焰的干扰及其使用图像的小块分割算法和外形判断的干扰排除方法.     

高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价方法

火灾风险评价是减小和控制高层建筑火灾的基本手段。目前 ,高层建筑火灾风险的评价方法很多 ,但是很少有将概率方法与模糊评价方法相结合进行火灾风险评价的。笔者基于对高层建筑火灾风险因素的综合分析 ,建立了高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价模型 ,并以具体的工程实例 ,论述了该数学模型在高层建筑火灾风险评价中的应用 ,目的在于为高层建筑火灾风险评价方法的研究提供一种新的尝试 ,为采取合理的火灾防治技术措施在理论上、方法上提供有益的指导。     

消防工程教育与课程体系探讨

在探讨消防工程科学研究领域的基础上 ,对消防工程教育目标及消防工程与其他学科的关系、消防工程师的基本职业技能以及消防工程学的课程体系进行了论述 ,并提出了新世纪里消防工程学进一步发展所面临的挑战。消防工程的科学研究领域主要包括火灾物理、火灾化学、建筑结构火灾特性、人与火灾的相互影响、火灾风险分析以及消防设计与管理等方面。消防工程教育的目标在于培养能够解决消防安全问题的工程师。能够进行火灾危险性分析、具备消防系统设计计算能力以及能够进行火灾风险综合分析是消防工程师的三大基本职业技能。由于消防问题的复杂性与跨学科性 ,消防工程作为一门新兴的交叉性学科 ,其发展和完善需要建立以科学原理和研究理论为基础的知识体系。     

爆震雾化射流用于灭火的可行性研究

脉冲细水雾灭火技术在国内外已获得成功应用 ,为进一步提高其灭火效果和简化装备 ,笔者提出了一种基于爆炸推进原理的爆震雾化射流发生装置 ,对其工作原理、动力特性进行了分析。理论分析与初步实验结果表明 ,爆震流体动力源可获得极高的能量密度和输出功率 ,爆震雾化射流具有直流水与雾状水的双重灭火性能 ,其灭火机理是脉冲雾化水的强水力冲击、高效冷却、隔氧阻燃、吸收热辐射及火焰拉伸的共同作用 ,该技术适于开发高效、清洁的便携式个人消防装备     

PSA application for a PCB detoxification plant

 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a type of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are considered to be endocrine disrupters. According to the Stockholm Convention on POPs, PCB detoxification is being accelerated globally. We have developed an environmentally sound chemical PCB detoxification plant using the ultraviolet ray/catalyst method. The purpose of this paper is to check the design methodology for the PCB detoxification plant by the application of probabilistic safety analysis. First, possible hazardous events were determined; second, the weakest points in these hazardous events were established; and third, the impact when failures arise at the weak points in the system were studied. We clarified the preventive measures as follows. To prevent PCBs leaking into the environment, select leak-tight valves for the piping containing PCBs, and reduce the number of valves. To prevent fire or explosions due to leaks of an inflammable mixture, select leak-tight valves, reduce the number of valves installed in the piping, and improve the reliability of the suppression tank in the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) recovery unit. Received: February 27, 2001 / Accepted: June 17, 2002     

峡谷地形中森林地表火蔓延实验研究

在峡谷形的受限结构实验台上进行森林火灾实验，燃料采用与林间可物相似的混合物，观测火蔓延过程在这种地型结构中的特点。改变风速，通过温度时间曲线分析林火蔓延过程以及烟气运动的规律，所得到的结果也将为林火模型进一步的建立提供实验依据。     

Integrating fire management into land-use planning: A multiple-use management research,development, and applications program

The traditional view of fire as a destructive agent requiring immediate suppression is giving way to the view that fire can and should be used to meet land management goals. Thus,fire control is being replaced by the more general concept offire management, which is based on the need to integrate fire policy with land management objectives. The social, economic, and ecologic effects of fire must be evaluated in the selection of land management alternatives.The activities of fire management organizations—fire prevention, control, and use of fire—must respond to needs of land management. Many agencies have developed fire organizations as separate entities that set their own objectives. The many land and resource managers who have recognized the need to incorporate fire considerations into land-use planning have so far lacked the techniques to do so.As a natural process, fire has an important function in forest and range ecosystems. Fire can greatly influence the quantity and quality of resource outputs; it is a two-edged sword that can either harm or benefit our goals, depending upon the complex effects of fire and the nature of our wants.The Fire in Multiple-Use Management Research, Development, and Applications (RD&A) Program was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, at the Northern Forest Fire Lab in Missoula to assist land managers. This profile explains what an RD&A program is; discusses its mission, goals, and approach to the problem; and tells why the approach involves federal laboratories, universities, and private research foundations.     

FORPLAN: A FORest Planning LANguage and Simulator

A Forest Planning Language and Simulator (FORPLAN) has been developed to facilitate the use of simulation for integrating fire into the land management planning process.FORPLAN incorporates unique characteristics of previous systems, links numerous models and data bases, allows selection of variable resolution levels, and permits discrete time simulation of disturbances on plants, fuels, and animals. No previous computer experience is required of the user, sinceFORPLAN recognizes simple English words and phrases.     

无粘结预应力混凝土框架的火灾试验

首先对一榀单层单跨的无粘结预应力混凝土框架进行了常温下的加载破坏试验，然后通过模拟真实火灾环境，对四榀单层单跨的无粘结预应力混凝土框架进行了不同恒载、不同升温曲线、不同预应力度各工况的火灾试验，并进行了试验分析，从而为无粘结预应力混凝土框架的火灾反应分析提供了可靠的数据。