浅谈大型地下商场安全岛的设置

目前大型地下商场出口难以满足安全疏散的要求。通过分析大型地下商场火灾和烟气的特点 ,提出了设置安全岛的构思 ,并分析了安全岛的功能及其设置要求。最后在地下扁平大空间实体火灾实验的基础上 ,应用安全岛对某大型地下商场安全疏散进行了性能化设计     

高层建筑危急情况下的电梯疏散系统

美国的“9·11”事件 ,再次引起了人们对于高层建筑发生危急情况时人员安全疏散问题的关注。笔者首先介绍了在危急情况下 ,高层建筑中利用楼梯逃生的弊端和使用电梯疏散的优越性 ;然后阐述了高层建筑电梯疏散系统的概念和发展 ,最后从原始的电梯紧急疏散系统 (EEES)、人的行为心理与环境因素、风险评估、疏散模型 4个方面介绍了其具体的组成。分析和研讨结果表明 ,电梯疏散系统以其高效、应用面广等特点 ,势必会在危急情况下 ,在高层建筑的人员安全疏散过程中发挥越来越大的作用     

火对野生动物的生态作用

本文主要阐述了自然生态系统中，火对野生动物的直接影响及其通过改变动物的栖息环境、食物组成等因素给动物带来或可能带来的间接影响。强调火烧给动物生物多样性带来的威胁。最后探讨了人类控制火因子为人类服务的问题。     

井控模拟培训系统的研制

在钻井过程中，了解和掌握钻井工艺和发生井喷时的救援应急措施，可以防止和减少井喷造成的损失。本文讨论了三维动画技术在钻井工程中的应用，并详细介绍了研制开发的井控模拟培训系统的软硬件构成。     

高层建筑正压送风工程设计的研究

本文建立了一种高层建筑正压送风量的计算方法。该方法简单、实用,可为高层建筑防火设计提供参考。     

油罐扬沸火灾及其安全防治对策

本文应用模拟实验研究方法,考察了扬沸过程的基本物理性状及其特点,在研究了扬沸形成规律的基础上,提出了两个新的安全防治对策:利用扬沸前兆噪声诊断、预报扬沸发生及应用循环冷却原理阻止扬沸形成。     

Fire hazards at the urban-wildland interface: What the public expects

Urban-wildland issues have become among the most contentious and problematic issues for forest managers. Using data drawn from surveys conducted by the authors and others, this article discusses how public knowledge and perceptions of fire policies and fire hazards change over time, the kinds of policy responses homeowners prefer as a way of preventing fire hazards at the urban-wildland interface, and how citizens view their own obligations as participants in interface issues. These data show that public attitudes toward fire have changed significantly over the past two decades and that educating the public about fire and the managers' use of fire can have positive effects on behavior. Yet, modifying the individual's behavior in regard to interface fire risks must also deal with important issues of individual incentives, the distribution of costs, and unanticipated policy impacts.     

高层建筑火灾避难区烟控设计的几个问题

高层建筑发生火灾后，保护人员的安全是个十分重要的问题。把楼内的一定区域设计为避难区或安全区，并对该区进行正压送凤，可以防止火灾烟气进入，从而使人们免受烟气的影响。本文讨论了避难区内外压差的计算方法，指出此压差取在２５－８５Ｐａ范围内为宜，分析了外界风速、建筑物的窗户破裂及门的开启或关闭对压差产生的影响，并对间接加压方案作了探讨．     

Natural fire management in National Parks

An evolving understanding of ecological processes, together with ambiguities in National Park Service policy, have led to multiple interpretations of the role of management in our large natural area National Parks. National Park Service management policies must be dynamic and responsive to changes in scientific knowledge and societal values. We propose that the principal aim of NPS resource management in natural areas is the unimpeded interaction of native ecosystem processes and structural elements. The case of the changing role of natural fire management is used as an example in developing this rationale.     

Display and interpretation of fire behavior probabilities for long-term planning

Fire management planning for wildlands traditionally uses fire behavior estimated on the basis of worst-case weather at a specific site, but more realistic estimates can be obtained by considering the entire distribution of possible sites and weather conditions. Probability distributions of four widely used fire behavior variables were derived for four test cases in the Northern Rockies and Northern Intermountain Zone. The variables were rate of spread, fireline intensity, fire perimeter length-to-width ratio, and scorch height. Results were depicted in simple line graphs, three-dimensional pin graphs, and tables; they ranged from the cumulative probability of one variable to joint probabilities of four variables. Increasing the number of variables depicted increased the amount and scope of information available. Examples of interpreting the graphs and tables show how these techniques can be used in long-term fire program planning, fire suppression, management of various resources affected by fire, and interdisciplinary resource planning.