空气幕对城际铁路地下车站火灾烟气控制数值分析

为将空气幕作为城际铁路地下车站控烟措施提供理论依据,进而为地下车站防灾控烟设计提供新思路,以某典型城际铁路地下车站岛式站台层为依托,采用火灾动力学三维模拟软件FDS建立全尺寸火灾模型,对比单吹式、吹吸式空气幕布置于站台与轨行区间时楼梯及站台处温度及可见度分布规律,并分别对单吹式、吹吸式空气幕的射流风速、射流角度进行了参数优化研究。结果表明:单吹式、吹吸式空气幕均可保证火灾下楼梯区域可见度和温度的安全性要求;单吹式在射流风速为12 m/s且射流角度为10°时,吹吸式在射流风速为8 m/s时,防烟效果良好且趋于稳定;采用单吹式的最小站台危险区域较吹吸式长15 m,建议在城际铁路地下车站中选用吹吸式空气幕。     

Renewable biomass gel reinforced core-shell dry water material as novel fire extinguishing agent

This work explores the feasibility of using chitosan (CS)-sodium alginate (SA) crosslinking gel to reinforce dry water (DW) composites. The stability and fire extinguishing efficiency of the DW powder are investigated. Compared to ordinary DW material, water loss rate of the modified DW composite is decreased, and its pressure resistance and stability are significantly increased. Moreover, it possesses higher fire extinguishing efficiency than conventional dry powder. Fire extinguishing mechanism and gel formation mechanism are proposed. The improvement in stability has great significance for the storage and transportation of DW materials. These results demonstrate the ability to create a fully green and renewable crosslinking gel capable of endowing high stability to DW material. This work provides a novel solution to improve the stability of DW materials, which will have great application prospect in fire suppression of some flammable hazardous chemicals.     

Power-law behaviour and parametric models for the size-distribution of forest fires

This paper examines the distribution of areas burned in forest fires. Empirical size distributions, derived from extensive fire records, for six regions in North America are presented. While they show some commonalities, it appears that a simple power-law distribution of sizes, as has been suggested by some authors, is too simple to describe the distributions over their full range. A stochastic model for the spread and extinguishment of fires is used to examine conditions for power-law behaviour and deviations from it. The concept of the extinguishment growth rate ratio (EGRR) is developed. A null model with constant EGRR leads to a power-law distribution, but this does not appear to hold empirically for the data sets examined. Some alternative parametric forms for the size distribution are presented, with a four-parameter ‘competing hazards’ model providing the overall best fit.     

锅炉温控炉拱的设计及燃烧技术性能

论述了将小型链条炉排工业锅炉的炉拱设计成在运行中可以全量调节的结构,以适应燃用多种煤种的需要,并减少与固定拱操作有关的意外伤亡事故。这项技术有创新性,适用性和推广价值     

煤矿自燃火灾治理关键技术的研究与应用

介绍了使用同位素测氡法探测煤矿自燃火源位置的原理及应用效果。实践证明,该方法是解决煤矿自燃火灾治理难题的关键技术,由于投资少,精度高,软件处理直观可靠,它有重要推广价值     

雷管空中爆炸压力分布的理论计算

在对８＃ 雷管装药进行简化处理的基础上,其空中爆炸一定范围内的压力场分布可通过理论计算求得。近场参数可用自相似方法求解,而非近场参数又可用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍ ａｃｋ 两步格式对偏微分方程进行数值求解。将获得的压力场与实测结果进行比较,两者基本一致     

湿式煤气柜施工安全措施的制订

针对正在运行的湿式煤气柜防火间距不够的位置动火建造大10倍的湿式煤气柜的实际情况,采取现场调查、安全系统分析,制订切实可行的措施,顺利完成施工任务。     

山地林火特征与扑救的若干问题

根据火灾科学、流体力学、气象学和地理科学中的一些基本理论以及实际火场经验,分析了山地条件下：（１）坡度对火行为的直接影响;（２）简单地形中局地风特征和火行为特征;（３）典型山地地形—流系地形中的局地风和林火行为特征,提出了扑救山地林火应注意的若干问题     

火灾科学的研究与展望

火灾科学应社会需求而产生,目前已经形成了自己的研究框架及体系。我国火灾科学基础研究已初具结构和规模,而且确定了相应的社会定位。展望了火灾科学研究的发展前景 。     

林火管理经济学的研究与探讨——单一可变防火要素的最佳投入

用经济学的观点分析了其它防火要素的投入量不变,仅改变某种可变防火要素的投入时,减灾效益Ｅ、边际减灾效益ＥＭ、平均减灾效益Ｅ／Ｆｉ与单一可变防火要素Ｆｉ的关系。提出了如何采用连际分析的方法确定单一防火要素的最佳投入问题。