Study on the preparation of novel NiB/Hβ-Al2O3 micro-mesoporous suppressant and its inhibition mechanism of coal dust explosion flame

Coal dust explosion is one of the serious accidents in the coal industry. It is of great significance to study the flame suppression of coal dust explosions. In this paper, a novel active component NiB with amorphous structure for explosion suppression was synthesized by the chemical reduction method. Furthermore, the novel explosion suppressant NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ was prepared through the kneading method by loading novel amorphous NiB nanoparticles on Hβ-Al₂O₃ with the micro-mesoporous structure as the carrier. The morphology and structure of NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and FTIR, which showed that the NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ has proper pore structure and NiB nanoparticles are uniformly distributed as active components for explosion suppression in suppressant. Hartmann tube was used to evaluate the inhibition of coal dust deflagration. The results showed that the flame propagation distance and velocity decreased with the increase of the explosion suppressant. When the addition of explosion suppressant was 30 wt%, the explosion of coal dust was suppressed effectively. Furthermore, combing with the analysis results of the products after coal dust deflagration, the physical and chemical inhibition mechanism of the novel NiB/Hβ-Al₂O₃ explosion suppressant on coal dust deflagration was put forward.     

Flame propagation in hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane

To investigate the flame propagation through hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane in a combustion chamber, a high-speed video camera with a microscopic lens and a Schlieren optical system were used to record the flame propagation process and to obtain the direct light emission photographs. Flame temperature was detected by a fine thermocouple. The suspended coal dust in the mixture of methane and air was ignited by an electric spark. The flame propagation speeds and maximum flame temperatures of the mixture were analyzed. The results show that the co-presence of coal dust and methane improves the flame propagation speed and maximum flame temperature notably, which become much higher than that of the single-coal dust flame. The flame front temperature varies with the coal dust concentration.     

火源长宽比对隧道内矩形火燃烧特性的影响研究

开展了一系列小尺寸实验研究隧道内不同火源受限情况下的火焰形态和顶棚射流火焰长度。实验中采用四个长宽比范围1~8的矩形气体燃烧器作为火源,并通过改变火源的摆放位置和贴壁方向(长边贴壁和短边贴壁)来改变火源的受限程度。结果表明:当火源置于开放空间非受限场景时,随着火源长宽比的增大,火源卷吸空气周长增大,导致火焰高度不断减小。对于贴壁火当矩形火源的长边贴壁时,随着长宽比的增大,其火焰高度同样不断减小;由于卷吸不对称,火焰贴着墙壁向上方蔓延,其火焰高度明显高于开放空间条件下的值。当火源短边贴壁时,火焰高度虽然仍随长宽比的增大而减小,但其火焰高度与开放空间相近,明显小于长边贴壁的情况,说明此时空气卷吸受限程度不大,火焰蔓延没有受到墙壁明显的影响。在前人对轴对称火源(方形和圆形火源)研究的基础上,本文对矩形火源位于隧道纵向中心线和紧贴隧道侧壁的火焰形态和火源长度进行了实验研究,定义了一个修正的无量纲火源功率?Q *mod,并引入了考虑矩形火源长宽比的无量纲特征参量(n+1)/n,建立了综合考虑火源功率、火源尺寸和贴壁方向的矩形贴壁火的火焰长度关系式。     

火焰、石墨炉原子吸收法测定地表水中铜和镉

对浓缩火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法测定地表水中痕量铜和镉的结果作了比较。试验结果表明，两种方法测定结果间无明显差异，加标回收率为88．7％～103％，可互相替代，等效使用。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅

建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅的方法,试验了不同消解体系和共存离子对测定的影响.方法线性良好,检出限为20 mg/kg(按称取0.5 g试样消解定容至50 mL计算),对不同地域堆肥产品测定的RSD为2.6%～8.7%,加标回收率为89.0%～107%.     

Numerical simulation of flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition of ethylene in channels

Ethylene (C₂H₄) is a hydrocarbon fuel and widely used in chemical industry, however, ethylene is highly flammable and therefore presents a serious fire and explosion hazard. This work is initiated by addressing the hazard assessment of ethylene mixtures in different scale channels (d = 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm) from the aspect of flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) by using large eddy simulation (LES) method coupled with the artificially thickened flame (ATF) approach. The fifth order local characteristics based weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) conservative finite difference scheme is employed to solve the governing equations. The numerical results confirm that flame velocity increase rapidly at the beginning stage in three channels, and the flame acceleration rate is slower in the subsequent stage, afterwards, the flame velocity has an abrupt increase, and the onset of detonation occurs. Due to the fact that wall effect is significant in the narrow channel (e.g.,5 mm), especially in the ignition stage of the flame, flames have different shapes in wider channels (10 mm and 20 mm) and narrow channel (5 mm). Both the pressure and temperature profiles confirm DDT run-up distances are 0.251 m, 0.203 m and 0.161 m in 20 mm, 10 mm and 5 mm channels, respectively, which indicates that a shorter run-up distance is required in narrower channel. The cellular detonation structures for the ethylene-air mixture in different channels indicate that multi-headed detonation structures can be found in 20 mm channel, as the channel width decreases to 10 mm, detonation has a single-headed spinning structure, as the width is further reduced to 5 mm, only large longitudinal oscillation of the pressure can be observed.     

Flame acceleration in pipes containing bends of different angles

Bend structures are common in process industries. These bends containing three typical angles (90°, obtuse angle and acute angle) are often incorporated into pipes or ducts at different positions. In our experiments, the effect of both the bend angle and bend position on flame acceleration was studied. Flame acceleration in a pipe bend can be divided into three stages. The flame speeds increased before the bend and increased again after decreasing for a short distance in the bend. Flame reversing decreased the flame speeds in the bend and led to additional turbulence, which enhanced flame acceleration after the bend. The flame acceleration in three different pipe bend angles had similar trends. The decreasing amplitude of the flame speed in the bend increased with a decrease in the bend angles. The flame speeds in the bend were ordered such that 52° <90° <145°. However, the maximum flame speeds in the pipe were in the opposite order. Additionally, both the flame speeds in the bends and the maximum flame speeds in the whole pipes increased as the bend’s position away from ignition point increased.     

聚合物燃烧火焰辐射及其温度的估算

受限空间中，通风对于燃烧状况和火焰辐射特性有重要影响。本文根据火焰中炭颗粒的生成及其受通风的影响，提出了关于聚合物燃烧火焰辐射和平均辐射温度的估算方法。计算了几种典型聚合物的火焰辐射及其平均辐射温度，并讨论了通风、燃料组成、炭颗粒和燃烧尺度的影响，旨在加深认识通风条件对于火焰温度及其有关辐射特性的影响，为受限空间中燃烧过程的分析提供依据。