高风速复合式电收尘器的试验研究

应用"高风速"理论,将流体力学、电动力学、静电学有机结合设计出的高风速复合式电收尘器(HWSCESP)系统.试验以收尘效率作为收尘指标,以粉尘初始浓度、有效收尘面积、工作电压和系统风速为影响因素进行试验分析.结果表明,当粉尘初始浓度在45 g/m3,工作电压在47 kV,有效收尘面积为14.5 m2,系统风速为3.8 m/s时,收尘效率可达99.92%.从实验结果表明,HWSCESP是高效率、低成本的新型电收尘器.     

火源长宽比对隧道内矩形火燃烧特性的影响研究

开展了一系列小尺寸实验研究隧道内不同火源受限情况下的火焰形态和顶棚射流火焰长度。实验中采用四个长宽比范围1~8的矩形气体燃烧器作为火源,并通过改变火源的摆放位置和贴壁方向(长边贴壁和短边贴壁)来改变火源的受限程度。结果表明:当火源置于开放空间非受限场景时,随着火源长宽比的增大,火源卷吸空气周长增大,导致火焰高度不断减小。对于贴壁火当矩形火源的长边贴壁时,随着长宽比的增大,其火焰高度同样不断减小;由于卷吸不对称,火焰贴着墙壁向上方蔓延,其火焰高度明显高于开放空间条件下的值。当火源短边贴壁时,火焰高度虽然仍随长宽比的增大而减小,但其火焰高度与开放空间相近,明显小于长边贴壁的情况,说明此时空气卷吸受限程度不大,火焰蔓延没有受到墙壁明显的影响。在前人对轴对称火源(方形和圆形火源)研究的基础上,本文对矩形火源位于隧道纵向中心线和紧贴隧道侧壁的火焰形态和火源长度进行了实验研究,定义了一个修正的无量纲火源功率?Q *mod,并引入了考虑矩形火源长宽比的无量纲特征参量(n+1)/n,建立了综合考虑火源功率、火源尺寸和贴壁方向的矩形贴壁火的火焰长度关系式。     

大功率高压变频器在冶金除尘系统中的应用

论述了冶金行业除尘系统中通过对大功率电机进行调速达到节能目的的可行性,列举了在冶金除尘系统中采用高压变频器调速的优势,并与其它调速方式进行了比较.给出了高压变频器的组成结构,对高压变频器的控制进行了描述,对高压变频器在各行业的广泛应用充满信心.     

煤与瓦斯突出气体逆流影响模式研究

为预防井下瓦斯气体逆流引起瓦斯爆炸等二次伤害,促进煤矿安全生产,建立瓦斯逆流运移扩散模型,采用相似试验研究不同风速和气体量影响下的气体逆流运移规律,根据试验系统的巷道模型,运用Fluent软件建立几何模型,模拟不同风速和涌出量对气体逆流的影响模式,观察同一测点或时间下2种因素对瓦斯浓度变化的影响,并以过往案例验证结论....     

水平风对不同液位深度酒精池火火焰长度的影响

通过改变风速、液位深度的大小,研究边界条件变化对酒精池火火焰长度的影响。研究结果表明：在无量纲液位深度小于一定值时,酒精池火的火焰长度会随着风速的增加而增大,当无量纲液位深度较大时,油盘外部酒精池火的火焰长度基本为0。风速相同而液位深度不同时,酒精池火的火焰长度会随着液位深度的增大首先增大,而后逐渐减小。这主要是因为,液位深度较大时,燃料表面的供氧量降低导致燃烧效率降低,最终导致火焰长度的减小。     

苏州市地面沉降现状分析

通过对苏州市地面形变数据的处理和分析,建立了该市的地面沉降趋势场.基于前期有关苏州市地面沉降的研究成果,对该市的地面沉降现状进行了分析.结果表明,苏州市的地面沉降具有4个阶段性特征,近年来地面沉降已明显得到有效控制,苏州市多年来的地面沉降研究和防控措施取得了显著效果.     

碰撞剪切流动中波速对自激振荡射流频率的影响

在许多工程应用中都需了解流体的自激振荡特性 ,而其振荡频率与压力波传播速度密切相关。笔者从理论上分析了自激振荡射流中碰撞剪切流动压力扰动波的传播速度及其对射流振荡频率的影响规律 ,结果表明 :波速随着流体中气体含量的增加而急剧减小 ,随压力的增大而增大。波速减小使得射流的振荡频率也减小 ,实验结果与理论分析一致     

Experimental study of flame acceleration and the deflagration-to-detonation transition under conditions of transverse venting

Results of experiments on critical conditions for flame acceleration and the deflagration-to-detonation transition in tubes with transverse venting are presented. Tests were made with hydrogen mixtures in two tubes (inner diameter of 46 and 92 mm) with obstacles. Ratios of vent area to total tube area were 0.2 and 0.4. Venting was shown to influence flame acceleration significantly. The greater the vent ratio, the more reactive the mixture necessary for development of fast flames. Critical conditions for flame acceleration in tubes with venting, expressed through a critical mixture expansion ratio σ_cr, were found to be σ_cr/σ₀1+2, where σ₀ is the critical value for a closed tube. Critical conditions for detonation onset in a vented tube were found to be very close to those in a closed tube with similar configuration of obstacles.     

瓦斯爆炸阻隔爆装置失效原因的实验研究

通过对水平管道内瓦斯爆炸的火焰结构及压力结构的实验研究 ,分析了瓦斯爆炸阻隔爆装置的失效原因。结果表明 ,瓦斯爆炸火焰是沿着管道的底部向前传播的 ,火焰长度较长 ,并具有较高的内聚力。阻隔爆装置的失效原因是由于其动作延迟时间与火焰到达装置位置所需的时间不一致 ,使释放出的抑制剂不能有效地覆盖整个火焰区 ,造成具有较高内聚力的火焰 ,在其后部巨大爆炸产物膨胀压力的推动下继续向前传播     

Diurnal variation of number concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles in the urban atmosphere of Beijing in winter

Number concentration and distribution of airborne particles in the size range 5.6 to 560 um diameter were measured in Beijing for a 15-d period in winter 2005.Daily average number concentrations of nucleation mode(5.6-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm), and accumulation mode(100-560 nm)particles,and total particles were 17500,32000,4000,and 53500 cm~(-3),respectively.Average particle size distribution was monomodal with a mode diameter of about 40 um at night and bimodal with mode diameters of about 10 and about 40 nm during the daytime.New particle formation events,which were connected to diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles,were observed in more than half of the observation days.The events often started around 10:00-11:00 Chinese Standard Time (CST)and ended up after 3-4 h.Concentrations of Aitken and accumulation mode particles increased from midnight and reached their maxima at about 10:00 CST,and then decreased and became the lowest in the afternoon.Analysis of diurnal cycles in traffic volume and meteorological parameters revealed that the accumulation of the particles in Aitken and accumulation modes in the morning was influenced by formation of an inversion and increase in vehicle emission,and dispersion of such particles in the afternoon was associated with more effective vertical mixing and higher wind speed.