Application of indoxacarb for managing shoot and fruit borer of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its decontamination

Indoxacarb was applied at 75 and 150 g a.i. ha^{? 1} for two years to an eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) crop grown in the field plots in order to evaluate its efficacy for management of the lepidopteron pest, shoot and fruit borer. The residues of the insecticide were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean initial deposits of indoxacarb on eggplant fruits were found to be 2.60–2.634 mg kg^{? 1} and 3.64–3.68 mg kg^{? 1} from the two rates of applications, respectively. They declined with time and reached to non-detectable (< 0.02 mg kg^{? 1}) after 15–20 d. Residues dissipated with a half-life of 3.0–3.8 d from both first and second-year application. A 3 d waiting period for harvest of fruits after insecticide application and processing resulted in the residue levels that were below the Codex maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.5 mg kg^{? 1} thereby achieving a maximum safety and minimum risk to consumers. The best combination of chemicals for decontamination of indoxacarb was found to be by washing with a mixture of alkali and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) thereby resulting in the removal of 67.5% and 59.2 % residues for 5 and 10 μ g g^{? 1} spiking doses, respectively. Major products formed on reaction of indoxacarb with alkali were identified by electron spray ionization chromatography/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). The per cent reduction on the weight and number basis of treated eggplant plots were compared to those observed in control plots to demonstrate the effectiveness of indoxacarb treatment on shoot and fruit borer population.     

Nature of the field-to-field distribution of pesticide residues

The supervised trial datasets (1950), consisting of a minimum of five residue values and selected by the experts of FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues for recommending maximum residue levels between 1997 and 2011, were evaluated to obtain information on the typical spread of residue values in individual datasets. The typical relative standard deviation, CV, of field-to-field variation of pesticide residues was about 80%. The spread of residues in datasets is independent from the chemical structure of pesticides, residue level, pre-harvest interval and number of values in the datasets. The CV ranges within the Codex commodity groups and between groups overlapped and their difference were not statistically significant. The number of residues below the limit of quantification (LOQ) affects the CV at various extents depending on the ratio of LOQ/R _mean. The combined uncertainty of the highest residue in a dataset significantly affects the CV of the dataset. The lowest and intermediate ones have less influence. The residues in different fields receiving the same treatment vary within large range: 55%, 72%, 78%, 86% and 89% of the 25,766 residues values were, respectively, within 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 times the median value of the corresponding dataset.     

金属薄板抗7.62mm普通弹枪击性能的实验研究

目的 评估覆钢板复杂结构的抗枪击性能,开展薄钢板抗枪击性能研究.方法 采用56式步枪人工发射方式,分别开展4、8 mm厚06Cr19Ni10单层钢板与8、16 mm厚30CrMoA单层钢板以及06Cr19Ni10与30CrMoA(4 mm+8 mm与8 mm+8 mm两种厚度组合)双层钢板抗7.62 mm普通弹的枪击试...     

摩擦对板料极限拉深系数的影响

通过对板料拉深法兰变形区和直壁传力区的应力分析 ,应用功平衡法 ,推导了极限拉深系数与摩擦系数之间的关系式 ,并讨论了摩擦对拉深性能的影响。     

提高环境政策法律效益的探讨

首先探讨环境行为的相关性强、连带影响大、副作用多的特性 ,揭示和比较行为限制与区域限制的区别和联系 ;然后讨论环境政策易产生间接影响、极易产生经济效应和社会效应的特性和环境政策实施会造成暂时性经济损失 ,造成部分人暂时生活困难的特性。在此基础上 ,提出保护策略应从单纯“禁、堵”策略改为“禁、堵、疏、导”策略 ,强调应加强环境政策社会学分析和环境政策经济分析 ,加强环境政策评估 ,以提高环境保护效益     

不同粒径镁铝合金粉尘爆炸与抑爆特性研究

为了研究镁铝合金粉爆炸危险特性,利用20L球形爆炸容器进行测试,结果表明:180目 (80 μm)、 120目(125 μm) 和60目(250 μm)3种粒径下的金属粉尘爆炸下限浓度分别为45 g/m3,55 g/m3和95 g/m3。相同浓度下最大爆炸压力随粒径增大的而减小。以碳化硅和石墨为代表的研究中,60目,120目和180目的镁铝合金粉以10%的浓度梯度加入碳化硅浓度分别至50%,70%和80%,石墨浓度至30%,50%和60%时,镁铝合金粉不会发生爆炸。表明碳化硅及石墨等惰性粉尘都能对粉尘爆炸有抑制作用,其中石墨对镁铝合金粉的抑爆作用明显优于碳化硅。     

第三方挖掘作用下管道可靠性评估研究

为研究第三方损坏中挖掘作用对管道可靠性的定量影响,阐述了第三方挖掘作用下管道失效模式与失效机理,确定了管道第三方挖掘作用下的2个极限状态:穿孔失效和凹陷—划伤失效,提出了1种综合考虑管道运行及管理条件,建立了管道第三方挖掘极限状态方程求解其失效概率的模型。以某长输天然气管道为例,基于蒙特卡洛模拟计算了研究管段的失效概率值,并进行了参数的敏感性分析。结果表明,该方法能够定量描述第三方挖掘对管道可靠性的影响程度,评估结果便于管理者制定相应的维修维护策略。     

电镀污泥贮存豁免量研究——以重庆市为例

文章介绍了危险废物贮存环节豁免限值的计算方法,并以选取的重庆市15家电镀企业产生的电镀污泥为例,计算获得重庆市电镀污泥贮存环节豁免量限值。结果显示,以重庆市15家电镀企业贮存点的环境参数统计值建立的电镀污泥贮存豁免管理量反推计算场景中,在暴露点和释放点处有害物的浓度分别为0.009 5 mg/L(致癌效应)、1.2 mg/L(非致癌效应)和0.11 mg/L(致癌效应)、13.63 mg/L(非致癌效应),并以此计算得到电镀污泥豁免管理限值为0.847t/a,即企业电镀污泥年产生量小于0.847t其贮存环节可以豁免管理。     

垂直发射装置排气道极限承压性能分析

目的研究导弹在意外点火时排气道的力学性能及导弹发射的安全性,对排气道的极限承压性能进行研究。方法建立排气道的极限承压的仿真模型,通过水压试验及发射试验,获取排气道不同种试验方式下的极限承压数据。结果排气道在导弹正常发射时承压设计值为0.3 MPa。极限承压仿真试验过程中,排气道在受到0.5 MPa压强时,所受应力超过材料最大抗拉极限。水压试验过程中,排气道受0.58 MPa压强时,其结构发生破坏。意外点火试验过程中,排气道所受最大压强值为0.24 MPa。结论排气道的极限承压能力可以满足正常发射及意外点火的发射要求,排气道的设计裕量充足。     

奎河水资源化工程采用水质指标的再讨论

分析了奎河水质变清含义、不同含义对奎河水质的要求，讨论了实现不同含义奎河水变清方案及其可行性和可靠性。作者认为，奎河水变清和全河道水质达标是一个很高的污染治理目标，需要通过对奎河污染控制系统的不断研究改进，水质指标的逐步提高才能逐渐逼近这一目标。