Study of the explosion parameters of vapor–liquid diethyl ether/air mixtures

The knowledge of the vapor–liquid two-phase diethyl ether (DEE)/air mixtures (mist) on the explosion parameters was an important basis of accident prevention. Two sets of vapor–liquid two-phase DEE/air mixtures of various concentrations were obtained with Sauter mean diameters of 12.89 and 22.90 μm. Experiments were conducted on vapor–liquid two-phase DEE/air mixtures of various concentrations at an ignition energy of 40.32 J and at an initial room temperature and pressure of 21 °C and 0.10 MPa, respectively. The effects of the concentration and particle size of DEE on the explosion pressure, the explosion temperature, and the lower and upper flammability limits were analyzed. Finally, a series of experiments was conducted on vapor–liquid two-phase DEE/air mixtures of various concentrations at various ignition energies. The minimum ignition energies were determined, and the results were discussed. The results were also compared against our previous work on the explosion characteristics of vapor–liquid two-phase n-hexane/air mixtures.     

Determination of spontaneous combustion of thermally dried sewage sludge

The general purpose of this research was the determination of self-ignition tendency of thermally dried sewage sludge. Eight Spanish plants located in Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga were selected to develop this study and ten samples were collected. Three different testing methodologies for studying the self-ignition of dusts have been undertaken. Thermogravimetric techniques, self-ignition temperature analyses and UN Division 4.2 tests were developed. The results of these analyses showed the risk of self-ignition during storage and transportation of these substances.     

盐雾环境对军用飞机高强螺栓疲劳极限的影响

目的研究军用飞机高强螺栓在模拟海洋大气环境下的疲劳极限变化。方法采用中性盐雾试验对30CrMnSiA高强螺栓进行预腐蚀试验,试验持续时间为360 h,而后再进行96 hCASS试验。腐蚀后对样品进行疲劳试验,并与未腐蚀的样品进行S-N曲线对比分析,并分析其疲劳断口形貌变化。结果在进行盐雾试验后螺栓发生腐蚀,疲劳极限降低28.4%。结论军用飞机用高强螺栓在模拟海洋大气环境下易发生腐蚀,疲劳极限出现明显降低现象,其主要原因为疲劳试验有效面积减少。     

Use of dimethyl sulfoxide as solubilization agent in the detection of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by radioimmunoassay

Immunoassays are potentially valuable tools for use in screening environmental samples for a broad range of contaminants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). The performance of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for PCDDs was characterized using 4 solubilization systems: Cutscum, Triton, horse serum, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The DMSO based assay appeared to perform best at low 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels. The effects of assay incubation time and hapten storage conditions on the DMSO based assay were assessed. The separation of bound from unbound radioactivity was accelerated without adversely affecting assay performance. Further assay development through the use of an alternative labelled hapten is considered.     

基于有限元与极限平衡分析的露天矿边坡角优化

为保证露天边坡的安全稳定,提出用有限元与极限平衡综合分析法分析其稳定性并优化边坡角。利用数值分析软件ABAQUS模拟出边坡潜在滑动面和张裂缝的位置,再根据极限平衡法计算出不同边坡角下的安全系数值,绘制安全系数随边坡角的变化曲线,最后得到安全稳定条件下的最终边坡角的优化值。采用该方法对某露天矿的边坡进行优化,最终边坡角由原设计的53.5°提高至55.4°,能同时降低剥离工程量,保证边坡的稳定性。     

极限平衡区顶煤自燃三维非均质动态数值模拟

为探究极限平衡区内顶煤自燃规律,利用Fluent软件对顶煤自燃进行数值模拟研究。通过对顶煤移动变形及自燃特点的分析,确定顶煤自燃过程的模拟为三维非均质动态模拟,并建立数学模型,给出相关参数及边界条件的确定方法。以恒大矿某工作面为例,对其顶煤的自燃过程进行数值模拟,并分析工作面风量及煤体耗氧速度与自然发火期之间的关系。结果表明:对计算区域进行模拟所得到的速度场、氧浓度场及温度场与现场观测结果及理论结果比较吻合;工作面风量对煤体自然发火期影响较小,而对高温区域中心点位置影响较大;煤体耗氧速率与自然发火期近似成负指数函数关系。     

泡沫混凝土和混凝土耐火极限的比较研究

泡沫混凝土用在建筑节能保温工程中,其耐火性能对提高建筑物的抗火灾能力非常重要。在模拟火灾条件下,通过测定不同密度、不同煅烧时间、不同含水量的泡沫混凝土和混凝土的抗压强度值,比较泡沫混凝土和混凝土的耐火极限的变化规律。结果表明,在火灾条件下,泡沫混凝土和混凝土的抗压强度损失率均随密度的增大而降低;密度为300kg/m3和800kg/m3的泡沫混凝土,在800℃下煅烧20min后,其抗压强度损失率分别为66.3%和25.5%;在同样的煅烧条件下,密度为2200kg/m3和2400kg/m3混凝土的抗压强度损失率分别为18.6%和15.8%;泡沫混凝土和混凝土的含水量越高,耐火极限就越长。泡沫混凝土为具有不燃特性A级保温材料,被用于建筑外墙保温隔热材料时,其抗压强度会因火场可燃材料的高温煅烧而有所降低,但其耐火极限能完全满足《建筑防火设计规范》。     

硬脂酸粉尘爆炸特性试验研究

为研究硬脂酸粉尘的爆炸特性,采用20 L球型爆炸仪对4个粒径范围的硬脂酸粉尘进行粉尘爆炸试验研究。结果表明:一定浓度范围内增大粉尘浓度能够提升硬脂酸粉尘的爆炸能量和燃烧速率。增大粉尘浓度,爆炸猛烈度先增强后减弱;减小粉尘粒径,能增强爆炸猛烈度和敏感度。粒径小于58 μm粉尘的爆炸猛烈度和敏感度最大,浓度500 g/m3时,该粉尘有最大爆炸压力1.12 MPa和最大升压速率142.00 MPa/s。     

钢筋混凝土柱的耐火极限研究

编制了钢筋混凝土柱高温反应的全过程分析程序,程序的有效性得到了其他学者试验结果的验证。针对不同轴压比、截面尺寸、配筋率和荷载偏心率共480种工况进行了钢筋混凝土柱的高温反应分析,揭示了各主要参数对钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的影响规律。在计算结果的基础上,定量给出了钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的简化确定方法。研究结果表明:配筋率对轴压柱的耐火极限影响不大;严格控制轴压比和荷载偏心率是提高轴压柱和偏压柱耐火极限的有效措施。     

The lower explosion point—A good measure for explosion prevention: Experiment and calculation for pure compounds and some mixtures

It is well known that explosive mixtures can exist at temperatures below the flash point (FP). Experiments show that the difference between the FP and the lower explosion point (LEP) may be up to 15 K and in some special cases even more. Consequently, an industrial process even running a few Kelvin below the FP may operate in an explosive vapour/air-atmosphere. Operating at temperatures below the LEP gives sufficient safety. Calculated LEPs are discussed and compared with experimental results.