聚乙二醇为软段聚氨酯自修复涂层性能研究

目的设计并制备一种特殊分子结构的新型聚氨酯,并将其形状记忆性能应用于涂层自修复。通过与市售同类涂层进行性能对比,更为严谨科学地评测新型自修复涂层的性能。方法以羟甲基丁酸、二甲基甲酰胺作为扩链剂,采用聚乙二醇为分子链软段,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,采用溶液聚合法得到水性聚氨酯。设置对照组,涂以不同聚氨酯涂层,进行加速腐蚀试验。使用体视显微镜测试、傅氏转换红外光谱分析、热重分析、电化学工作站对聚氨酯的表面形貌、化学结构、热性、极化特性及交流阻抗等性能指标参数进行测试。结果同等划痕处理情况下,所制备的自修复聚氨酯各项性能明显优于市面上使用的聚氨酯有机涂层材料性能。结论具有形状记忆性能的聚氨酯具有良好的自修复性能,可用于自修复涂层的成膜物。     

微孔发泡聚氨酯底系列安全鞋的研制

聚氨酯是由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应制成的一种具有氨基甲酸酯链段重复结构单元的聚合物。聚氨酯鞋底与普通橡胶鞋底相比,它具有质量轻、耐磨性能好等特点。新研制的聚氨酯鞋底以聚氨酯树脂为主要原料,采用微孔发泡技术,解决了目前国内普通聚氨酯鞋底容易脱胶、断底等问题。通过增加各种添加剂,使聚氨酯鞋底在耐磨、耐油性、电绝缘、防静电和耐酸碱性能方面有了很大的提高。笔者研究采用了新的加工工艺、成型工艺和外观设计,鞋的各项安全性能更稳定,且穿着美观舒适、经久耐用,达到国内领先水平。     

压缩空气泡沫系统(CAFS)产生泡沫屈服应力的试验研究

压缩空气泡沫系统(CAFS)是一种高效泡沫灭火手段.泡沫的流变学性能是森林火灾扑救中泡沫发挥直接和间接灭火能力的一个决定因素.本文用专门设计的钟摆式屈服应力测定装置测定了泡沫屈服应力,验证了泡沫屈服应力假设.泡沫屈服应力与泡沫气体百分比、析液时间和泡沫平均直径有关,试验得到了屈服应力与其影响因素的关系曲线和数学表达式模型.部分描述了泡沫这种特殊流体的流变学性质,对应用CAFS系统泡沫扑救森林火灾有重要指导意义,可用于预测外力作用下灭火泡沫的流动行为.     

凹土/聚氨酯复合载体处理微污染河水的实验研究

利用改性凹土与聚氨酯原料混合发泡,制备复合载体,对微污染河水的NH4＋-N和TOC的去除效果进行实验研究,结果表明对NH4＋-N、TOC的去除存在着明显的时段性,随着时间的延长,出水NH4＋-N、TOC的去除效率逐渐降低,最终趋于稳定。改性后凹土制备的复合载体对NH4＋-N、TOC处理能力得到提高,NH4＋-N去除率从37.50%提升到75.10%;TOC去除率从15.34%提高到36.15%。     

节能视角下的泡沫混凝土外墙厚度选择及分析

该文以泡沫混凝土材料作为外墙自保温材料,结合武汉某住宅建筑实例,借助DeST-h能耗模拟软件,以未保温墙体作为基准模型,通过比较几组不同厚度的自保温墙体,以净现值为评价指标确定了泡沫混凝土自保温墙体的经济厚度;借用minitab16软件的曲线拟合功能,计算分析了泡沫混凝土自保温墙体的最佳经济厚度,为泡沫混凝土作为建筑节能墙体材料进一步发展提供指导性的意见.图2,表3,参7.     

泡沫镍对甲烷-空气预混气体爆燃超压影响的研究

为了有效抑制气体爆炸时产生的冲击波强度,设计加工了内部截面为110 mm×80 mm,长500 mm的爆炸实验管道,利用高频动态压力传感器,对比研究了泡沫镍在管道内的安放位置对甲烷-空气预混气体爆炸的影响。结果表明:当把泡沫镍铺设在管道中间位置时其对爆炸超压的抑制效果最好,其次是放置在管道的尾部,效果最差的是将多孔材料放置在管道的前部。     

掘进工作面可调控双锥形一体化泡沫降尘装置的实验研究

为解决掘进时粉尘浓度高、能见度低的问题,达到改善作业环境并减少对工作人员危害的目的。运用流体力学的涡流和射流原理,研发出可调控双锥形一体化泡沫降尘装置,通过多次模拟实验确定其最佳的技术原理、设计结构及操作方法。凭借系统调节部件设计气-液二相控制面板,实现对气液比的调节与监控。实验表明:通过对阀门的调节,泡沫降尘过程中可以实现气液比的调控,能够产生连续、均匀的泡沫,发泡剂最佳浓度为2.5%,泡沫回收装置能有效的回收积液。全尘、呼尘降尘效率分别达到93.4%和90.2%,起到全面立体控尘的效果。该装置能够对矿井综掘面高效降尘,成泡量与粒径准确控制,实现不同矿井不同粒度尘源的控制。     

矿用无机固化泡沫充填材料研究及应用

针对井下堵漏风和密闭墙构建时存在的劳动强度大,密封效果差等缺点,研制了一种无机固化泡沫充填材料,通过大量的实验研究了泡沫掺量、水灰比和胶凝剂对材料性能的影响,并对其进行了现场应用。研究结果表明:泡沫掺量的增加和水灰比的增大均能使初凝时间增加,硫铝酸盐水泥充填材料的初凝时间是普通水泥充填材料的31%～44%;抗压强度随泡沫掺量增加而明显降低,硫铝酸盐水泥为胶凝剂时的充填材料抗压强度较大;泡沫掺量为1,2,3倍时的材料密度是未添加泡沫时的40%～46%,23%～33%和18%～24%,可以显著降低劳动强度;硫铝酸盐充填材料在内部孔结构方面优于普通水泥充填材料。研究成果可用于确定最佳的无机固化泡沫充填材料配方,现场应用表明材料密封效果和抗压强度好,具有广阔的应用空间。     

Bio-based materials for high-end electronics applications

During the past decade, a shift of focus onto greener alternatives to petroleum-based plastics has spurred the development of bio-based resins for plastic development. This has led to a positive marketing image for companies making the switch to resins from renewable resources. This shift of focus is further reinforced by corporations, which are committed to a reduction in their greenhouse gas emissions and product environmental footprints. Here, we present a perspective on the use of renewable materials in durable goods applications and the challenges and advantages associated with the use of renewable materials. Replacement of petroleum-based acoustic foam with that derived from sustainable resources and qualification of thermoplastic polylactic acid blends for enclosure covers has been demonstrated. The technical details of the materials development required for use in durable goods, and their characterization is also discussed.     

The Effect of Starch Composition on Structure of Foams Prepared by Microwave Treatment

A microwave technique was used to prepare foams from different potato starches in granular form, with varying amounts of amylose content, and water. In addition to native potato starch (PN), high amylose potato starch (HAP) and potato amylopectin (PAP) were used, as well as mixtures thereof. In all cases the native crystallinity of starch granules was lost upon microwave treatment and an amorphous material was created. An increased concentration of starch in the initial water dispersion resulted in a less dense foam structure. The potato amylopectin formed open cell foams, whereas increased amylose content, as in native potato starch, yielded a more compact structure with irregular pore shapes. The high amylose potato starch yielded a structure with hardly any porosity. Foaming experiments were done to compare pre-gelatinized and granular starches dispersed in water. The pre-gelatinisation did not affect the pore formation process. These experiments indicated that the molecular architecture of starch polymers is more important for foam formation than starch polymer organization in the granules. Studies of temperature profile and dry matter content during microwave treatment showed that water evaporates more rapidly from a high amylose starch solution than native potato starch and potato amylopectin solutions. Rheological measurements showed that the amylose solution had much lower viscosity than starch and amylopectin. This confirms that polymer – water interaction, such as in amylopectin solution, favours stabilization of bubbles formed upon boiling and evaporation of water, which yields high porosity materials.