活化赤泥除氟剂的制备及除氟性能试验研究

分别采用(NH4)2HPO4,NH4HCO3,NaHCO3等对赤泥进行活化处理,并制备成球形颗粒,同时研究了活化剂浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等对赤泥除氟剂吸附性能的影响。结果表明：在活化剂质量浓度为10%左右、焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间2 h时制备的除氟剂具有较好的除氟效果,且采用(NH4)2HPO4,NH4HCO3,NaHCO3对赤泥进行活化处理制备的除氟剂能分别使溶液中氟离子的质量浓度从19 mg/L分别降低到0.085,0.13及0.19 mg/L,相应地除氟剂的吸附容量均达0.94 mg/g以上。     

水蒸气蒸馏-离子选择电极法测定矿冶废水中氟化物

建立了采用水蒸气蒸馏进行预处理,用离子选择电极法测定矿冶废水中的氟化物的方法.实验表明,以硫酸为蒸馏试剂,最佳蒸馏条件为,硫酸用量50 mL,蒸馏温度140 ～150℃,蒸馏时间30 min,方法检出限0.05 mg/L.将该方法用于实际样品分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.0％,加标回收率为93.1％.该方法能够有效...     

三峡库区地方性氟中毒病区与非病区土壤氟地球化学

巫山、奉节是三峡库区最典型的地方性氟中毒区（简称地氟病区）。利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查,大面积系统采集土壤深层、表层土壤样品、分析测试、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区沿长江各区县土壤氟含量、典型地氟病区与非病区深层、表层土壤氟的含量特征与差异。发现三峡库区沿长江各区县深、表层土壤氟含量均表现为：巫山＞奉节＞涪陵＞丰都、万州、开县、云阳、忠县、长寿。巫山、奉节表层土壤氟含量分别为全国土壤氟含量均值的2.598倍、1.883倍,丰都等6区县深、表层土壤F含量与全国均值基本相当。各地区表层土壤明显继承了深层土壤氟的地球化学特征。地氟病最严重的巫山县表层土壤氟富集程度最高,而最轻的长寿县表层土壤则表现出明显的氟淋失。地氟病区深层、表层土壤F含量均远高于非病区,土壤F含量与地氟病发病率间具极显著正相关,土壤F含量对发病率具有明显的影响。土壤F与土壤中造岩元素具显著正相关,主要来自于成土母质。     

Review of fluoride removal from drinking water

Fluoride in drinking water has a profound effect on teeth and bones. Up to a small level (1–1.5 mg/L) this strengthens the enamel. Concentrations in the range of 1.5–4 mg/L result in dental fluorosis whereas with prolonged exposure at still higher fluoride concentrations (4–10 mg/L) dental fluorosis progresses to skeletal fluorosis. High fluoride concentrations in groundwater, up to more than 30 mg/L, occur widely, in many parts of the world. This review article is aimed at providing precise information on efforts made by various researchers in the field of fluoride removal for drinking water. The fluoride removal has been broadly divided in two sections dealing with membrane and adsorption techniques. Under the membrane techniques reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, dialysis and electro-dialysis have been discussed. Adsorption, which is a conventional technique, deals with adsorbents such as: alumina/aluminium based materials, clays and soils, calcium based minerals, synthetic compounds and carbon based materials. Studies on fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using various reversed zeolites, modified zeolites and ion exchange resins based on cross-linked polystyrene are reviewed. During the last few years, layered double oxides have been of interest as adsorbents for fluoride removal. Such recent developments have been briefly discussed.     

废酸中氟化物含量测定方法的探讨

通过对废酸中各主要成分的分析,对氟离子选择电极法测定氟化物的原理的剖析,最终选择先调节待测溶液的酸碱度去除干扰后,再进行氟化物含量的测定。使用国标所描述去干扰的方法进行验证,最终得出两种方法所测得的氟化物含量结果一致。通过回标回收实验,确定测定结果的准确度也达到国标要求。     

土壤中氟化物的测定因素探讨

用离子选择电极法测定土壤中氟主要的影响因素为样品的制备、消解及测定3方面内容。作者通过试验得出,在样品的消解过程使用细粒的氢氧化钠可以使分析结果比粗粒氢氧化钠更准确,并减少分析误差。     

Removal of F− and organic matter from coking wastewater by coupling dosing FeCl3 and AlCl3

Coagulation and precipitation is a widely applied method to remove F^? from wastewater. In this work, the effect of coagulation on the removal of F^? and organic matter from coking wastewater was studied using AlCl₃ and FeCl₃ as compound coagulants. The removal rates of F^? and organic matter under different coagulant doses and pH conditions were investigated. The results show that the highest removal rates of F^? by AlCl₃ and FeCl₃ are 94.4% and 25.4%, respectively; when the dosage is 10 mmol/L, the TOC removal rates of FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ reach 20.4% and 34.7%, respectively. Therefore, the removal rate of F^? by AlCl₃ is higher than that of FeCl₃, but the removal rate of organic matter by FeCl₃ is relatively higher. The addition of Ca²⁺ can promote the removal of F^?, but the removal rate of organic matter decreases. In addition, by investigating the effects of different pH and Fe–Al ratio on the removal rate, the removal effect of adding FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ at the same time was discussed. The results show that the most suitable working condition for the removal of organic matter and F^? is that the pH is 6.5 and the molar ratio of Al/Fe is 8:2. Overall, the removal mechanism of F^? and organic matter in coking wastewater by FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ was explored in this study. The experimental results can provide reference for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater.     

含氟废水的粉煤灰吸附研究

采用热电厂库弃物粉煤灰为吸附剂，对氟离子浓度为１００￣５００ｍｇ／Ｌ含氟废水进行了除氟研究，并搪塞了除氟机理。结果表明，除氟性能与粉煤类的粒径大小，吸附时间，氟离子初始浓度，废水的ＰＨ值，温度等有关，粉煤灰－氟离子体系的吸附行为符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温方程，氟离子在粉灰煤表面形成了氢键吸附和取代吸附。除氟率达９０％以上，除氟后的饱和灰烧制成砖块，对环境不引起二次污染。