平行双样法绘制校准曲线

通过对 SO2 采用平行双样法绘制校准曲线可知 ,该法简单、省力 ,且对显色稳定时间较短的显色反应更适用。     

Modeling flood induced interdependencies among hydroelectricity generating infrastructures

This paper presents a new kind of integrated modeling method for simulating the vulnerability of a critical infrastructure for a hazard and the subsequent interdependencies among the interconnected infrastructures. The developed method has been applied to a case study of a network of hydroelectricity generating infrastructures, e.g., water storage concrete gravity dam, penstock, power plant and transformer substation. The modeling approach is based on the fragility curves development with Monte Carlo simulation based structural–hydraulic modeling, flood frequency analysis, stochastic Petri net (SPN) modeling, and Markov Chain analysis. A certain flood level probability can be predicted from flood frequency analysis, and the most probable damage condition for this hazard can be simulated from the developed fragility curves of the dam. Consequently, the resulting interactions among the adjacent infrastructures can be quantified with SPN analysis; corresponding Markov Chain analysis simulates the long term probability matrix of infrastructure failures. The obtained results are quite convincing to prove the novel contribution of this research to the field of infrastructure interdependency analysis which might serve as a decision making tool for flood related emergency response and management.     

Sustainability assessment with time-series scores: a case study of Chinese provinces

Asian nations are currently facing a number of challenges, including environmental degradation and growing societal inequalities, in the course of their rapid economic growth and industrialization. Under such conditions, it is of critical importance to develop appropriate assessment tools with which to comprehensively measure the sustainability status of a region in order to guide its transformation into a sustainable society. This paper proposes a method of sustainability assessment consisting of the three components of environment, resource, and socio-economic with aggregated time-series scores. This method can demonstrate the relative sustainability scores of targeted regions for different time periods, thereby, enabling the comparison of relative sustainability status for different regions over these periods. We carried out a case study of Chinese provinces for the years 2000 and 2005 using the proposed method and confirmed its applicability as the indicative type of sustainability assessment at the regional level, while actually investigating the sustainability status and its chronological changes. The results indicated that aggregate sustainability index scores improved between 2000 and 2005 in most provinces, mainly due to significant improvement in the scores for the socio-economic component, whereas the scores for the environment component deteriorated in some provinces over the study period. Our method proves to be effective in analyzing the relative sustainability status among targeted regions for different time periods in the form of aggregate scores, paving the way for practical applications, such as policy analysis, in the pursuit of a sustainable society.     

生态公益林价值核算研究

论文采用成本法、意愿调查法、森林环境效果评价法及木材需求曲线修正法等方法对井冈山林区生态公益林价值进行核算,并对其结果进行分析。经计算,成本法(社会贴现率以10%计算)、意愿调查法、森林环境效果评价法及木材需求曲线修正法的计算结果比例为0.4592∶0.2185∶1.7106∶1。分析认为,以木材需求曲线修正法得出的每年森林资源价值平均为1302元hm²较为合理可作为区域内生态公益林的补偿值成本法计算的年成本值597.9元hm²可作为生态公益林补偿的最低限值意愿调查法计算的每年支付意愿值284.5元hm²可作为当地受益群众对生态公益林的补偿费用。     

蛭石氨氮吸附量与起始溶液浓度和介质用量的函数关系

测定了给定pH和温度条件下反应平衡时NH₄Cl溶液中蛭石的氨氮吸附量.结果显示,平衡时蛭石的氨氮吸附量Q_e与溶液起始的氨氮质量浓度C和单位体积溶液的介质用量W的函数关系可用Langmuir方程描述,其等温吸附通式为:Q_e=q_mCW/[q_m(K_w+W)+C].式中,单位介质吸附容量q_m和介质系数K_w是独立于C和W的常数;q_m代表介质对溶质的吸附能力;K_w代表介质与氨氮的亲和力.      

中国二氧化硫污染治理分析:基于卫星观测数据和空间计量模型的实证

中国经济的快速增长伴随着严重的环境污染问题,已经成为阻碍中国实现可持续发展的桎梏.为了客观地反映中国的SO₂污染状况,本文利用中国2005-2017年的卫星观测SO₂柱浓度数据来表征SO₂污染状况.首先,采用探索性空间数据分析方法进行SO₂污染的时空演变分析;然后,基于环境库兹涅茨曲线框架纳入社会经济驱动因素及环境规制,采用空间计量模型探究SO₂污染是否越过拐点,并借此探索环境规制对于中国SO₂污染治理的重要意义.结果表明：1华北地区是中国SO₂污染最严重的区域,但污染状况逐年改善.从长期时间趋势来看,尽管空气污染在个别年份中有所加剧,但整体上呈现向好的趋势.从空间上来看,SO₂污染在空间上明显存在正向的空间自相关现象.2环境库兹涅茨曲线实证结果显示,尽管回归结果呈现显著的倒N型曲线,但无实根解,说明无实质性的经济意义.从另一方面来说,在研究环境库兹涅茨曲线时,除了统计学意义之外,经济意义更为重要.3空间计量模型回归结果显示,经济增长与SO₂污染在样本期内存在单调递减关系.换言之,中国已经越过了环境库兹涅茨曲线的拐点.此外,严格的环境规制有利于降低SO₂浓度.地区技术水平的进步及先进外资的“光环效应”都可以有效地改善SO₂污染.然而,人口密度增加、第二产业发展、电力消耗及固定资产投资增加是造成SO₂污染加剧的重要因素.     

新疆二氧化硫排放环境学习曲线及减排潜力研究

基于2005—2010年SO2排放量和经济发展数据,对该时段的SO2排放环境负荷变化进行分析并以此数据构建了新疆三大地区万元产值SO2排放量随人均GDP变化的环境学习曲线;以所建立的环境学习曲线为依据,分析2005—2010年万元产值SO,的减排潜力,并对新疆“十二五”期间不同地区万元SO2的节能减排潜力进行了预测。结果表明：经济发展水平越高的地区,万元产值SO2排放环境负荷越小,减排潜力越小;经济发展水平越低的地区,万元产值SO2排放环境负荷越大,减排潜力也越大。研究结果将为“十二五”自治区SO2排放总量控制及减排指标提供科学依据。     

改性花生壳对水中镉的动态吸附研究

采用高锰酸钾改性花生壳吸附剂对镉离子进行固定床吸附实验,考察了床层高度(30～50 cm)、初始离子浓度(0.55～11.00 mg.L-1)、进料流速(15.11～37.00 mL.min-1)等操作参数对镉吸附特性的影响,同时对吸附穿透曲线进行拟合.实验结果表明,改性花生壳固定床对水中镉具有较好的吸附效果,在吸附操作初期,吸附柱出水镉离子浓度几乎为0(<0.001mg.L-1),吸附操作时间根据不同的操作条件可达2～62 h,镉离子总去除率均大于54%.传质区长度主要受初始离子浓度、进料流速影响.床层高度的增加使得穿透时间增加,但传质区长度几乎保持不变;初始离子浓度和进料流速增加,穿透时间缩短,传质区长度增加.在低浓度条件下,BDST模型实验穿透曲线拟合效果较好(R2>0.99),运用该模型能准确预测吸附柱的操作时间.     

污泥电子传递体系(ETS)活性测定中萃取剂的选择

比较了丙酮、乙醇、正丁醇、磷酸三丁酯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯和三氯甲烷等7种萃取剂检测活性污泥电子传递体系(ETS)活性的特性.结果表明,这7种萃取剂制作标准曲线的性能相近;在实际污泥样品检测中,37℃下丙酮的萃取时间仅需10min,待测样品量相同时,其萃取速度约是其它萃取剂的4～22倍,37℃下丙酮萃取污泥样品中三苯基甲脂(TF)的能力大于其它萃取剂在37℃或90℃下的萃取能力,同时以丙酮作萃取剂测定的污泥电子传递体系活性也最大,说明丙酮是污泥电子传递体系活性测定中萃取剂的最佳选择.