生物硫铁复合材料处理含铜废水及机理研究

利用Hungate分离出一株产生物硫铁复合材料(生物硫铁)的硫酸盐还原菌SRB2,考察了投加量、pH值、温度、搅拌速度对生物硫铁处理含铜废水的影响,并分别从化学置换、胞外聚合物(EPS)吸附等途径研究了生物硫铁去除Cu2+的机理.结果表明,生物硫铁投加量越大、温度越高对铜的去除效果最好,在pH4.0、35℃、0.6661g生物硫铁、搅拌速度100r/min时,2min即可使Cu2+去除率达到99.9%以上.化学置换途径在生物硫铁去除Cu2+时占主导地位,10min去除率达90.9%,EPS吸附途径在生物硫铁去除Cu2+过程中不占优势,24h去除率为38%.     

基于改进成功流法的消防系统可靠性研究

在多信号输入系统的可靠性研究中,传统GO法存在计算复杂、易出现误差和遗漏的缺点。将卡诺图化简法引入传统GO运算,利用其“合并同项,简化运算”的特点构建研究多信号输入系统可靠性的新GO模型。将其应用于预作用喷水灭火系统,对具有多启动方式的给水泵进行可靠性分析,并与事件树运算结果比较,证明新GO模型适用于具有多信号输入系统的可靠性研究。研究表明,通过采取措施降低多信号元器件故障概率可以提高系统整体可靠性。     

基于活性污泥微生物冻后再生对废水基质降解效能的研究

采用高径比为12.5的序批式反应器(SBR)对冷冻的成熟好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）解冻驯化,研究母体颗粒冻后富集培养及其在番茄废水基质降解中的循环利用。结果表明：冻后恢复活性的污泥第60天全部颗粒化,平均粒径不小于0.45 mm;高通量测序结果显示,相较母体颗粒,该污泥中与颗粒化相关的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)优势菌群富集,微生物丰度呈显著差异（P<0.05）;复合菌株对COD、NH3-N和PO3-4-P去除率分别为98.9%、82.1%和82.2%,可实现番茄废水的有效降解。     

Citizen participation in disaster recovery projects and programmes in rural communities: a comparison of the Haiti earthquake and Hurricane Katrina

This study investigates predictors of local participation in recovery projects and programmes following Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005 and the earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Using two sets of survey data, it examines whether disaster impacts and social capital (social trust and civic engagement) are associated with disaster recovery participation and compares predictors of such engagement in the two locations. Multivariate logistic regression results reveal that physical injuries, limited community mobility, and government trust increase recovery participation in Haiti (n=278), whereas emotional distress and homeownership decrease it. On the Gulf Coast of the US (n=259), physical injuries and higher civic engagement augment recovery participation, while homeownership and age reduce it. The confounding factors of national contexts and post‐disaster time frames might explain the differences in the results. The discussion addresses the relation between country‐specific vulnerability and recovery participation and suggests implications for policy and practice to improve local citizens’ capabilities to participate in sustainable recovery processes.     

干旱扬水灌区土地资源承载状态演变分析

为解决干旱扬水灌区土地资源承载状态受多因素耦合影响而难以定量化描述的难题.本文以景电一期灌区为例,基于多级模糊评价理论构建评价指标体系,引入解决复杂系统模糊性及不确定性具有特有优势的云模型,结合黄金分割率法与云发生器原理集成了评语集标准云模型与状态层隶属度云模型,以组合赋权算法求解了指标权重,最终以云数字特征的形式对灌区1994年、2002年、2010年及2018年的土地资源承载状态进行了定量表述.结果表明:灌区各时期土地资源承载状态综合评价云分别为C₁(0.3175,0.0728,0.0131)、C₂(0.5846,0.0418,0.0117)、C₃(0.5315,0.0379,0.0098)、C₄(0.7045,0.0614,0.0144).结合云相似度分布特征可知,各时期土地资源承载状态分别为"轻微承载"、"临界承载"、"临界承载"及"承载安全".可知灌区土地资源承载状态自1994年—2018年主要经历了3个演变阶段,即1994—2002年为"快速改善期"、2002—2010年为"环境损伤期"、2010—2018年为"健康恢复期".该方法可为指导研究区及相似研究区寻求生产需求与生态保护之间的平衡机制提供有益参考.     

泰山云雾水中多环芳烃的特征与来源分析

于2008年10月18日~11月26日在泰山采集云雾水样品,分析了泰山云雾水中PAHs的含量特征及其与气象条件和pH值、电导的相互关系.结果表明,泰山云雾水中菲含量最多,芴和苊的含量次之;云雾水样品中PAHs浓度与气温有很好的相关性.应用特征分子比值法和因子分析法对云雾水中PAHs的来源进行解析,得出泰山云雾水中PAHs的主要来源为煤炭燃烧源,石油源的贡献相对较小.     

硫酸介质中高锰酸钾氧化降解非离子表面活性剂Tween-80动力学研究

应用光谱法研究了硫酸介质中,高锰酸钾氧化降解非离子表面活性剂Tween-80(聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)的动力学性质,探讨了高锰酸钾和硫酸浓度,以及反应温度对氧化降解过程的影响,结果表明,氧化降解反应的速率常数(k)随着硫酸浓度的增大而增大,但却随着高锰酸钾浓度的增大而减小;温度对反应速率常数的影响,较好地遵循阿累尼乌斯公式.通过对反应混合物浊点变化的分析,说明了非离子表面活性剂Tween-80分子中存在活性较高的氧乙烯结构单元,是其被高锰酸钾氧化降解的根本原因.     

Sensitivity analysis of the two dimensional application of the Generic Ecological Model (GEM) to algal bloom prediction in the North Sea

Harmful algae can cause damage to co-existing organisms, tourism and farmers. Accurate predictions of algal future composition and abundance as well as when and where algal blooms may occur could help early warning and mitigating. The Generic Ecological Model is an instrument that can be applied to any water system (fresh, transitional or coastal) to calculate the primary production, chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton species composition. It consists of physical, chemical and ecological model components which are coupled together to build one generic and flexible modelling tool. In this paper the model has been analyzed to assess sensitivity of the simulated chlorophyll-a concentration to a subset of ecologically significant input factors. Only a small number of approaches could be considered as suitable for several reasons including the model complexity, engagement of numerous interacting parameters and relatively long time of a single simulation. Thus, sensitivity analysis has been carried out with the use of the Morris method and later enriched by the computation of the correlation ratios of the selected parameters on the model response at more than a few locations in the modelled area. The obtained results are in agreement with expert knowledge of the ecological processes in the North Sea and correspond well with local characteristics.     

Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership's influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors

This study uses an interactionist approach to examine the moderating effect of follower trait positive affectivity (trait PA) on the relation between transformational leadership and both follower creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). On the basis of responses from 212 employees and their direct supervisors from the research and development department of a company in Mainland China, results support the hypothesized moderation effect. Specifically, the positive influence of transformational leadership on creative performance was significantly reduced for followers who were higher on trait PA (ΔR² = .02, p < .05). The same pattern, in which followers' trait PA appeared to substitute for the influence of transformational leadership, generalized to the outcome of follower OCB as well (ΔR² = .04, p < .01). We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The interactive effects of conscientiousness,openness to experience,and political skill on job performance in complex jobs: The importance of context

Caveats concerning the ability of personality to predict job performance have been raised because of seemingly modest criterion‐related validity. The goal of the present research was to test whether narrowing the context via the type of job (i.e., jobs with complex task demands) and adding a social skill‐related moderator (i.e., political skill) would improve performance prediction. Further, along with political skill, the broad factor of personality demonstrated in prior research to have the strongest criterion validity (i.e., conscientiousness) was joined with a narrow construct closely related to openness to experience (i.e., learning approach) in a three‐way interactive prediction of supervisor‐rated task performance. With the employee–supervisor dyads among professionals, but not with the control group of non‐professional employees, task performance was predicted by the three‐way interaction, such that those high on all three received the highest performance ratings. Implications, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.