Industrial Carbon Emissions Status and Analysis Based on Energy Consumption

With frequent disastrous weathers and increasingly prominent GHG effects in recent years, normal existence and development of mankind are facing unprecedented threats and challenges. GHG emissions mitigation for the global climate changes has been the focus of concern of the world. As the biggest developing country and the second largest country of carbon-emission, China attaches importance to the carbon emission reduction. The major GHG component is carbon dioxide and in China, the emission of carbon dioxide is mainly from industrial production. In the paper, the status and trend of Co2 emission from industrial departments, high-carbon emission and its specific industries are shown in statistics. Meanwhile, the policy environment, industrial organization structure and technology of carbon high emission are all discussed based on practical situations in these departments and industries. At the end, through the analysis of gray correlation, correlativity is explored for both fossil energy consumption and total carbon emission, and also for the production value and carbon emission of each industrial sector. Some policy proposals for the establishment of low-carbon industries and transition of economic development pattern are set forth.     

Groundwater quality assessment of one former industrial site in Belgium using a TRIAD-like approach

Contaminated industrial sites are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, aquatic and groundwater ecosystems. An effect-based approach to evaluate and assess pollution-induced degradation due to contaminated groundwater was carried out in this study. The new concept, referred to as “Groundwater Quality TRIAD-like” (GwQT) approach, is adapted from classical TRIAD approaches. GwQT is based on measurements of chemical concentrations, laboratory toxicity tests and physico-chemical analyses. These components are combined in the GwQT using qualitative and quantitative (using zero to one subindices) integration approaches. The TRIAD approach is applied for the first time on groundwater from one former industrial site located in Belgium. This approach will allow the classification of sites into categories according to the degree of contaminant-induced degradation. This new concept is a starting point for groundwater characterization and is open for improvement and adjustment.     

地下水与优势结构面对库岸滑坡形成的联合效应——以龙羊峡近坝库岸滑坡为例

为了深入研究近坝库岸滑坡的形成机理,首先分析了区域地下水的溶蚀作用和动水压力作用,又运用综合评分法确定出了对滑坡形成有利的优势结构面,发现区域滑坡滑带的形成是地下水与优势结构面长期联合作用的结果。以龙羊峡滑坡为例,揭示了半成岩湖相地层中滑坡滑带独特的三段式结构特征,验证了地下水与优势结构面的联合效应对近坝库岸滑坡形成的控制作用。     

基于改进云模型-IAHP的涉爆粉尘企业安全风险评估

为了评估涉爆粉尘企业安全风险,克服传统评估过程中数据随机性和模糊性的缺陷,建立了基于云理论和区间层次分析法(IAHP)的涉爆粉尘企业安全风险评估模型。针对粉尘爆炸事故的特点构建涉爆粉尘企业安全风险指标体系,使用云理论为主客观指标赋值,采用IAHP确定各指标权重并引入可能度修正权重结果,基于改进的云合并算法整合计算结果,以综合评估企业粉尘爆炸风险,并将该模型应用于某金属加工企业。研究结果表明:该企业的粉尘爆炸风险处于一般水平,其工人安全意识薄弱、防尘及防爆措施不完善、生产布局和管理不规范等原因导致了该企业的风险,该模型评估结果与实际情况相符,为提高企业安全管理水平提供依据。     

Minimum ignition temperatures and explosion characteristics of micron-sized aluminium powder

To forestall, control, and mitigate the detrimental effects of aluminium dust, a 20-L near-spherical dust explosion experimental system and an HY16429 type dust-cloud ignition temperature test device were employed to explore the explosion characteristics of micron-sized aluminium powder under different ignition energies, dust particle sizes, and dust cloud concentration (C_dust) values; the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) values of aluminium powder under different dust particle sizes and C_dust were also examined. Flame images at different times were photographed by a high-speed camera. Results revealed that under similar dust-cloud concentrations and with dust particle size increasing from 42.89 to 141.70 μm, the MIT of aluminium powder increased. Under various C_dust values, the MIT of aluminium dust clouds attained peak value when concentrations enhanced. Furthermore, the increase of ignition energy contributed to the increase of the explosion pressure (P_ex) and the rate of explosion pressure rise [(dP/dt)_ex]. When dust particle size was augmented gradually, the P_ex and (dP/dt)_ex attenuated. Decreasing particle size lowered both the most violent explosion concentration and explosive limits.     

4种典型易燃烟煤的着火特性分析*

为了研究典型易燃烟煤的着火特性,预防和控制煤尘爆炸,采用粉尘云最低着火温度实验装置和同步热分析仪,分别研究崔木长焰煤、东荣二矿气煤、察哈素不粘煤和丁集焦煤4种烟煤在不同条件下的煤尘云最低着火温度和煤尘热解过程。研究结果表明:当煤尘云浓度从0.90 kg/m3上升到5.99 kg/m3时,4种煤尘的最低着火温度先降后升,在1.50 kg/m3煤尘云浓度时,4种煤尘的最低着火温度均达到最小,分别为450,580,610,620 ℃。随着升温速率的升高,煤的着火温度、峰值温度、燃尽温度和煤样最大放热量整体呈上升趋势,失重率整体呈下降趋势,在5~20 ℃/min的升温速率范围内,崔木长焰煤、东荣二矿气煤、察哈素不粘煤和丁集焦煤热解过程中的最小着火温度分别为354.17,404.37,443.18,484.13 ℃。4种烟煤的最低着火温度和热解过程中的最小着火温度有相对应关系,研究结论可为以上4个煤矿的具体煤样研究和数据分析提供参考依据。     

井喷失控点火时间与方位探讨

利用计算流体力学方法(CFD)对井喷失控后天然气扩散过程进行研究,在有限元基础上建立模型,采用κ-ε紊流模型求解得出井喷失控后可燃性蒸气云随时间、风速变化的影响情况,求出稳态以后易爆区域的蒸气云形状。取5.0%和15%作为甲烷的爆炸上、下限,在不同区域进行点火求解爆燃结果,通过比较给出推荐的点火时间和点火方位。该研究成果可对井喷失控蒸气云爆燃危害性进行预测,有助于指导井喷失控进行点火放喷工作,避免爆燃事故的发生。     

Indicators for managing biosolids in Ireland

Sustainable development indicators (SDIs) have emerged as a tool to measure progress towards sustainable development for a number of fields. However, no indicator initiative to date has been aimed at biosolids management at local authority, regional or national levels. This paper presents a study where stakeholders involved in the management of biosolids in Ireland participated in the development of SDIs for managing biosolids at the local/regional level. A significant 81% of participating stakeholders find SDIs either 'useful' or 'very useful' as a tool for managing biosolids. A suite of 22 indicators has been developed and arranged according to the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) indicator framework. The indicators address all the domains of biosolids management namely, production, quality, cost, legislation/regulation, training/research and recycling/disposal. The stakeholder approach is recognition that no effective indicator set can be developed without the input of stakeholders.     

Recognizing Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in the post-2020 Biodiversity Agenda

The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples’ conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD’s 2050 vision of “Living in harmony with nature.” Third, Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples’ rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for Indigenous peoples and local communities to be able to exercise their recognized rights to territories and resources.     

轮班制度对于地铁司机疲劳的影响

立足于轮班工作模式,阐述轮班制度对司机疲劳产生与积累的影响。介绍疲劳指数方法和池田公式的理论基础及模型构架,基于北京地铁13号线现行轮班表,分别应用上述两种研究方法进行地铁轮班司机疲劳程度的分析。两种方法的评估结果显著相关,均说明13号线现行轮班表的制定会导致司机疲劳的产生,存在安全运营风险。应用上述方法可实现对司机疲劳程度的非接触式测量,避免对司机驾驶作业的干扰,同时为地铁运营公司的安全管理人员制定合理的轮班方案,建立全面、量化的动态管理措施,提高行车安全保障提供了科学依据。