脉冲式SBR法深度脱氮及在线控制的中试实验研究

通过考察脉冲式SBR法处理城镇生活污水时有机物降解、硝化和反硝化反应中DO、氧化还原电位(ORP)及pH的变化规律,建立了这些控制参数与有机物去除、硝化与反硝化反应过程中主要污染物指标间的相关关系.在此基础上,建立脉冲式SBR法深度脱氮的模糊控制系统,更加有效地控制脉冲式SBR法多段进水的运行方式,达到深度脱氮的目的,并尽可能降低运行成本.当进水COD在130.0～243.6 mg/L、NH 4-N在55.98～76.40 mg/L时,在原水中反硝化碳源充足情况下,脉冲式SBR法反硝化结束时最终出水COD低于40 mg/L,NH 4-N低于1.0 mg/L,TN低于3·0 mg/L.     

AHP与模糊评价法在高速公路人文景观评价中的应用

高速公路人文景观评价的难点在于人文景观影响因素的确定和指标的量化,由于其不确定性而且受到主观因素的影响很大,将其尽量量化是较好的办法.本文结合高速公路人文景观特点提出了其评价指标体系,并通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价对各指标进行了具体分析.     

灰色聚类——模糊综合评价在空气质量分析中的应用

根据营口市2005年4个自动监测点位的监测数据,应用灰色系统理论,建立了环境空气质量聚类指标体系,确定了不同环境灰类的灰数,给出了不同灰类的白化函数,标定了灰色聚类权重,并计算出了灰色聚类系数及模糊综合评价级数。针对各监测点位进行了灰色聚类分析,又对全市环境空气质量进行了模糊综合评价,确定了营口市环境空气质量状况。     

A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach to eco-environmental vulnerability assessment for the danjiangkou reservoir area,China

The Danjiangkou reservoir lies in the upper Hanjiang basin and is the source of water for the Middle Route Project (MRP) under the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China. The eco-environment of water resource areas plays an important role in water conservation and purification and would have significant implications for the economic prosperity in Hanjiang basin as well as for the SNWT. Focusing on the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area (DRA), this study established an environmental information system database. Based on the database, an eco-environmental vulnerability assessment method using integrated fuzzy AHP (FAHP) and GIS was developed for the DRA. According to eco-environmental conditions and anthropic effects, vulnerability was classified into five levels: potential, light, medium, heavy and very heavy. The eco-environmental vulnerability distribution and major problems of the eco-environment were analysed and discussed. The results indicated that eco-environmental vulnerability in the DRA was moderate overall. Regions with lower eco-environmental vulnerability were located in Qinling Mountain area in the northwest, Daba Mountain area in the south and the area immediately surrounding Danjiangkou Reservoir in the east. Two regions with very high eco-environmental vulnerability were located in the north of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Henan province and in the western part of Shanxi province. On the basis of analysis of distribution of the different factors of eco-environmental vulnerability, different environmental protection measures were proposed for different areas. This study demonstrated that the proposed method was an effective approach for the assessment of environmental vulnerability. The results gained closely reflected the reality of the eco-environmental vulnerability of the DRA.     

Handling Three Types of Correlation in Contaminated Land Site Assessment

This paper outlines the three types of correlation that will characterise most attempts to model land contamination and optimise site assessment strategies. The first type of correlation is that which exists between indicators of contamination. A potential methodology for handling these correlations is given. The second type of correlation is the spatial (auto) correlation between different locations on a site. This has been previously handled through methods such as Kriging interpolation. The possible benefits of integrating the analysis of the first two types of correlation are very briefly discussed. The third type of correlation is that which exists between the information from site samples. Examples of this type of correlation are given.     

电机车运输安全性的模糊综合评判

以平顶山煤业集团公司一矿为例,运用模糊数学的方法,对电机车运输系统的安全性进行了模糊综合评判,指出了影响安全的人、机、环境各因素中存在的问题,并提出了相应的提高安全性的措施.     

登沙河流域水质监测断面优化研究

基于大连市登沙河监测断面的水质数据,采用系统聚类法、模糊聚类法和物元分析法进行优化,筛选代表性断面.结果表明,优化后的监测断面个数减少了40％,相关性较高的相邻断面个数由优化前的71％减少为54％,优化前、后的样本方差齐且均值无显著性差异.优化后的监测断面在显著提高效率的同时也确保了数据的代表性,使得断面重复布设情况得...     

Fair fund distribution for a municipal incinerator using GIS-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) can generate energy and reduce the waste volume, which delivers benefits to society through resources conservation. But current practices by society are not sustainable because the associated environmental impacts of waste incineration on urbanized regions have been a long-standing concern in local communities. Public reluctance with regard to accepting the incinerators as typical utilities often results in an intensive debate concerning how much welfare is lost for those residents living in the vicinity of those incinerators. As the measure of welfare change with respect to environmental quality constraints nearby these incinerators remains critical, new arguments related to how to allocate the fair fund among affected communities became a focal point in environmental management. Given the fact that most County fair fund rules allow a great deal of flexibility for redistribution, little is known about what type of methodology may be a good fit to determine the distribution of such a fair fund under uncertainty. This paper purports to demonstrate a system-based approach that helps any fair fund distribution, which is made with respect to residents' possible claim for fair damages due to the installation of a new incinerator. Holding a case study using integrated geographic information system (GIS) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for finding out the most appropriate distribution strategy between two neighboring towns in Taipei County, Taiwan demonstrates the application potential. Participants in determining the use of a fair fund also follow a highly democratic procedure where all stakeholders involved eventually express a high level of satisfaction with the results facilitating the final decision making process. It ensures that plans for the distribution of such a fair fund were carefully thought out and justified with a multi-faceted nature that covers political, socio-economic, technical, environmental, public health, and industrial aspects.     

河流水质评价中模糊数学评价法的应用与比较

选择2005年6个典型日（1月12日、3月10目、5月10日、7月13日、9月8日和11月10日）的水质,运用两种模糊数学评价法对浙江西苕溪流域港口断面的水质进行评价并作比较。第一种数学评价法采用较为简单的单因素模糊综合评价法,另一种采用多级模糊数学评价法。评价结果表明,1月12日、3月10日和11月10日的水质达到国家Ⅰ类水质标准;而5月10目的水质相对最差。比较两种评价方法,单因素模糊综合评价法对单个因素的影响敏感,特别是超标值对最后的相对隶属度贡献大;而多级模糊评价法综合各个因素来评价现状水质,因而反映出水质的综合情况。结合港口断面的特点分析水质变差的原因,结论是：流域农业劳作带来的面源污染物质进入港口断面使得该断面在农作高峰期水质较差;同时,断面的水资源短缺问题较为严重,导致水环境容量较小,污染物较难稀释扩散。     

应用遗传算法优化氢气/空气燃烧反应系数

研究目的是优化氢气/空气简化反应机理的系数,使得简化机理在一定的误差范围内,能代替详细机理.通过计算氢气/空气详细反应机理得到的组分浓度作为遗传算法的适应度目标,对简化机理进行优化.结果显示,优化后的简化机理不仅在在计算组分浓度,而且在层流预混火焰速度和组分时空分布方面,更加接近详细机理所能达到的计算结果,比优化之前的简化反应机理计算结果更加准确.