基于模糊综合与可变模糊集耦合的地下水质量评价

模糊综合评价法和可变模糊集方法是常用的地下水质量评价方法,但可变模糊集评价法的隶属度计算复杂、可变参数多,而模糊综合评价法容易造成隶属度信息丢失.本文在充分吸取两者优点的基础上,构建了一种新的耦合地下水质量评价模型,优化了评价因子选择、权重确定、模糊算子选择等关键环节,并对青岛市大沽河水源地的地下水质量进行了评价和分析对比.结果表明,水源地中北部(W7~W11)地区,硝酸盐氮含量严重超标,耦合模型得到的水质等级均为4或5类水,评价结果符合该区域实际水质状况,说明新建的耦合模型是可靠的.另外,从监测井W2、W3、W4、W7、W10、W11、W12获得的最大隶属度小于0.5,说明模糊综合评价法不适用于这些点的水质评价,而耦合模型综合考虑了其它隶属度值对评价结果的贡献,其结果更加科学、合理.     

Risk assessment of a compound feed process based on HAZOP analysis and linguistic terms

The size and complexity of industrial plants, along with the characteristics of the products used, require a study, analysis and control of the existing risks in every industrial process.In this paper, a methodology for risk assessment in industrial plants, based on the combination of risks identification through the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis and the risks evaluation through linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers is applied to a case study consisting on a compound feed plant located in the town of Silla (Valencia, Spain).The results from this study show that the main risk in the compound feed production process is the formation of explosive atmospheres (ATEX). Therefore, the corrective measures will focus on reducing the concentration of dust in the atmosphere and eliminating the possible sources of ignition, such as electrostatic discharges or sparks during the different phases of the process (the grinding, the transport of the raw materials, etc.)     

大气环境质量模糊积分评价新方法

本文提出了应用模糊积分进行大气环境质量综合评价的具体方法和步骤,并用这一方法进行大气环境质量评价,取得了令人满意的结果。该方法的优点是简便实用,评价结果可靠。     

TWIN: a TWo-stage INdex to evaluate ecological quality status in lagoon environments by means of hard bottom zoobenthos

The macrobenthos colonizing the artificial hard bottoms in lagoons has been used in biomonitoring programs as it requires easy sampling procedures and provides a variety of responses to different environmental pressures, like marine or continental influence, eutrophication, and urban pollution. In this paper we present the development and application of a new TWo-stage INdex (TWIN), aimed to assess water quality of lagoon environments using the hard bottom macrobenthos community. TWIN is calculated in two separate stages. First, the presence and abundance of macrobenthic species are used to define, through a fuzzy model, a station's membership grade in six pre-defined ecological sectors (Lagoon Mouth, Vivified Lagoon, Rough Eutrophic, Calm Eutrophic, Urban, Estuarine), each corresponding to characteristic communities. Then a formula links the membership grades to the five ecological status classes ranging from high to bad quality, as requested by the European Water Framework Directive. This method was tested in four Adriatic lagoons: the results are consistent with literature information and expert judgement, therefore we propose its use in the definition of water quality in lagoons.     

基于模糊优选和CRITIC法的电力碳排放权区域初始分配——以华东电网区域为例

为科学、合理分配电力行业碳排放权,文章综合考虑公平、效率和可持续发展原则,构建了电力碳排放权分配体系,并利用CRITIC法确定指标权重,运用模糊优选法计算碳排放权初始分配比例,结果表明:单位地区生产总值电耗是最主要的影响因素,公平原则下的电力碳排放量、电力能源消费总量和火力发电量也是重要的影响因素;碳排放量问题是复杂的系统问题,碳排放权初始分配要综合考虑公平性原则、效率性原则和可持续原则。最后,为达到和谐稳定的碳排放权分配方案,希望在以后的研究中加强和谐型评判与改进方法。     

A Complex Systems Model Approach to Quantified Mineral Resource Appraisal

For federal and state land management agencies, mineral resource appraisal has evolved from value-based to outcome-based procedures wherein the consequences of resource development are compared with those of other management options. Complex systems modeling is proposed as a general framework in which to build models that can evaluate outcomes. Three frequently used methods of mineral resource appraisal (subjective probabilistic estimates, weights of evidence modeling, and fuzzy logic modeling) are discussed to obtain insight into methods of incorporating complexity into mineral resource appraisal models. Fuzzy logic and weights of evidence are most easily utilized in complex systems models. A fundamental product of new appraisals is the production of reusable, accessible databases and methodologies so that appraisals can easily be repeated with new or refined data. The data are representations of complex systems and must be so regarded if all of their information content is to be utilized.The proposed generalized model framework is applicable to mineral assessment and other geoscience problems. We begin with a (fuzzy) cognitive map using (+1,0,–1) values for the links and evaluate the map for various scenarios to obtain a ranking of the importance of various links. Fieldwork and modeling studies identify important links and help identify unanticipated links. Next, the links are given membership functions in accordance with the data. Finally, processes are associated with the links; ideally, the controlling physical and chemical events and equations are found for each link. After calibration and testing, this complex systems model is used for predictions under various scenarios. Published on line     

Fuzzy decision analysis for integrated environmental vulnerability assessment of the mid-Atlantic Region

A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region. Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable to future deterioration. The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental policies.     

关于模糊综合指数与模糊向量加权记分

通过将模糊向量加权记分与模糊综合指数的计算步骤、计算内容和方法一一进行比较,证明模糊向量加权记分与模糊综合指数无本质差异。所采用的分制规定差异,只能使模糊向量加权记分所得结果更加不合理。采用模糊综合指数法,选用恰当的权重,可以克服“优劣倒置”现象。