硫酸雾测试方法若干问题思考

简述了我国硫酸雾测试方法的发展历史,分析和总结了《固定污染源废气硫酸雾的测定离子色谱法》(HJ 544—2016)存在的一些争议和问题,包括硫酸雾的定义、测试方法的干扰控制等。分析认为,相比《硫酸工业污染物排放标准》(GB 26132—2010),HJ 544—2016对硫酸雾的定义更加合理。实验结果表明:硫酸盐是测试方法条件下的目标物,滤筒可以显著地捕捉硫酸盐。9组样品滤筒中,被测目标物所占比例为7. 9%～69. 1%;滤筒和前吸收液中,被测目标物所占比例为93. 7%～97. 8%。HJ 544—2016新增加的两级串联碱液吸收瓶可以较完全地捕集穿透滤筒后的硫酸雾,同时也会捕集SO₂。SO₂会对硫酸雾测试产生正干扰,约42. 9%的SO₂在被吸收后转化为硫酸雾。     

A comparative study of classical and biochemical endpoints for phytotoxicity testing of chlorobenzoic acids

IntroductionChlorobenzoic acids ( CBAs ) are important chemicalproducts and extensive used as the intermediate and analysisreagent in many industrial fields(Zhang, 2001). Therefore,CBAs may directly and constantly release into environment,and it was a…     

两种典型持久性有机污染物对草履虫急性毒性初探

滴滴涕和苯并芘这两种典型持久性有机污染物在环境中已广泛分布,因此,本研究利用单细胞真核模式生物-草履虫来研究其急性毒性效应,结果发现其毒性效应存在显著的剂量效应关系.DDT和BaP的半数致死浓度分别为126.012 mg·L-1和180.167 mg·L-1,且这两种污染物的浓度和概率间存在很好的线性关系.不同浓度的D...     

近50年来广东冬季寒害的特征

利用广东省86个地面气象站近50年(1951-2000年)逐日平均气温和最低气温资料,采用针对冬季经济林果的寒害指标,统计分析了近50年冬季寒害的特征.分析得出:(1)广东冬季寒害频数北多南少,各地平均年均1次,其中严重寒害近4成,严重寒害中又以降温型亚类Ⅲ最为典型,占6成以上.(2)寒害过程降温幅度平均达13.6℃,且越往南越大;过程最低气温平均2.6℃,高于冻害临界值0℃;寒害过程降温平均历时4d.(3)寒害分布于10月末至3月底,其中12月到1月累计占85%,月际分布大致呈以1月为峰值的单峰型;亚类Ⅲ12月和2月多于1月,呈双峰分布.(4)1980年是广东冬季气温变化的分水岭,寒害年均综合频数前30年多(160站次),后20年少(96站次).(5)近50年广东冬季寒害年代际变化特征为:50,60,70年代逐渐增强,80年代迅速减弱,90年代有所回升(依然弱于50年代),年代际寒害由强到弱顺序为:70年代,60年代,50年代,90年代和80年代.     

一个耐受镉毒害的拟南芥突变体的筛选

从甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变获得的拟南芥M2代群体(Columbia型)中筛选获得一个耐受镉Cd2 毒害能力显著增强的拟南芥突变体(命名为cdr1-1).遗传分析表明,该突变性状为隐性单基因突变,与野生型相比,cdr1-1突变体在不同发育时期均能耐受Cd2 毒害,且其对Cd2 的积累能力也显著高于野生型.此外,还发现cdr1-1突变体体内的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著高于野生型,用GSH合成抑制剂丁硫氨酸亚矾胺处理cdr1-1突变体,导致其耐受Cd2 毒害能力显著下降,几乎接近野生型水平,表明cdr1-1突变体对Cd2 的耐受性至少部分依赖于GSH介导的途径.     

UV/SO32-体系降解水中十溴联苯醚

十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）是全球应用最广泛的溴系阻燃剂之一。它可以长时间在环境中迁移,是一种亲脂疏水、可生物积累的难降解有机污染物。研究了UV/SO32-高级还原体系对BDE-209的降解动力学,并分别考察了SO32-浓度、pH、BDE-209初始浓度对其降解和脱溴效能的影响。结果表明,UV/SO32-体系在BDE-209初始浓度为0.3 μmol·L-1、pH为7、SO32-为1.0 mmol·L-1、反应90 min时的降解效果最佳,降解率为93.54%;SO32-浓度越高,BDE-209的降解和脱溴效果越好;酸性条件有利于BDE-209的降解;较高的BDE-209浓度不利于体系脱溴反应的进行。BDE-209的降解过程遵循伪一级动力学规律;脱溴过程主要通过eaq-攻击C-Br键分步实现。     

Communication ecology of webbing clothes moth: 4. Identification of male- and female-produced pheromones

Summary. We investigated the hypothesis that aggregation signals produced by male webbing clothes moths (WCM), Tineola bisselliella (Hum.) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), and close-range male attractant signals produced by females have a pheromonal basis, at least in part. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric analyses of bioactive methanolic extracts of male WCM disclosed three candidate pheromone components: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (16:Ester), (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (Z9—16:Ester), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (18:Ester). In bioassay experiments in a large Plexiglas™ arena, a blend of synthetic 16:Ester plus Z9—16:Ester was attractive to male and virgin (but not mated) female WCM; the 18:Ester was inactive. GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extracts from female WCM revealed (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienal (E2Z13—18:Ald) and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol (E2Z13—18:OH) as candidate sex pheromone components. In arena bioassay experiments, 1—5 female equivalents of synthetic E2Z13—18:Ald (0.2 ng) and E2Z13—18:OH (0.1 ng) were more attractive to male WCM than were two virgin female WCM. We anticipate that the combination of aggregation and sex pheromones, male-produced sonic aggregation signals, and habitat-derived semiochemicals will be highly effective in attracting male and female WCM to commercial traps. Received 12 January 2001; accepted 8 June 2001.     

二次催化-固定床生物氧化降解焦化废水的试验研究

制备了一种铁碳基／过渡金属复合催化剂，其物质摩尔配比为Fe：C：TiO2：MnO2：ZnO=2：1：1：1：0．3，使用该催化剂拟定了二次催化—固定床生物氧化降解流程。在pH＝6、温度=90℃的条件下，用该流程处理煤化工工业所产生的洗煤气净化脱酚、蒸氨剩余废水，在无需对原废水进行稀释的前提下可很好地对此废水进行处理，使处理后的出水指标达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB89r78—1966）中规定的二级排放标准。     

Female sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis – throwing a light on the relationship between O. orientalis and the European corn borer, O. nubilalis

Summary. The sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was analyzed by gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD), GC–mass spectrometry and a series of bioassays. Three EAD-active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). The titers (ratio) of 14:OAc, Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc in 3-day-old virgin females were 0.49 ng (10), 4.86 ng (98) and 0.10 ng (2), respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the 98:2 blend of Z11- and E11-14:OAc, but not Z11-14:OAc alone, elicited the same male behavioral responses as virgin females and crude gland extracts. 14:OAc was inactive by itself, and did not show any synergistic effect on the binary blend. Field trapping experiments also confirmed the attractiveness of the binary blend to O. orientalis males. Based on these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of O. orientalis is a 98:2 mixture of Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc. This sex pheromone is very similar to that of the Z-type European corn borer, O. nubilalis. The present finding raises the question of whether O. orientalis , which is indistinguishable from O. nubilalis based on external morphology, is a biologically distinct species independent from O. nubilalis.     

Isolation of Cr(VI) reducing bacteria from industrial e uents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater

The present study is aimed at assessing the ability of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent form.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (4800 μg/mL) and S.capitis could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (2800 μg/mL).Both organisms were able to resist Cd2+ (50 μg/mL),Cu2+ (200 μg/mL),Pb2+ (800 μg/mL),Hg2+ (50 μg/mL) and Ni2+ (4000 μg/mL).S.capitis resisted Zn2+ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/mL.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37℃.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effluents after 144 h.Cell free extracts of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr(Ⅵ)/mL,respectively.The presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium reduction.The bacterial isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have the potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form.