Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland

We performed a trace analytical study covering nine hormonally active UV-filters by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS in river water and biota. Water was analysed at 10 sites above and below wastewater treatment plants in the river Glatt using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Four UV-filters occurred in the following order of decreasing concentrations; benzophenone-4 (BP-4) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3) > 3-(4-methyl)benzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) > 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC). BP-4 ranged from 0.27 to 24.0 μg/POCIS, BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC up to 0.1 μg/POCIS. Wastewater was the most important source. Levels decreased with higher river water flow. No significant in-stream removal occurred. BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC were between 6 and 68 ng/L in river water. EHMC was accumulated in biota. In all 48 macroinvertebrate and fish samples from six rivers lipid-weighted EHMC occurred up to 337 ng/g, and up to 701 ng/g in 5 cormorants, suggesting food-chain accumulation. UV-filters are found to be ubiquitous in aquatic systems.     

双套管长距离气力输送技术的应用

介绍了北仑发电厂5×600 MW机组烟气脱硫项目石灰石粉双套管长距离气力输送工程的系统设计、安装、调试、运行等情况,并分析了该系统的主要特点.     

Environmental Degradation of Blends of Atactic Poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] with Natural PHBV in Baltic Sea Water and Compost with Activated Sludge

Degradation of atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (a-PHB) binary blends with natural poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV, 12 mol% of 3HV units), has been investigated and compared with plain PHBV in the compost containing activated sludge and under marine exposure conditions in the dynamic water of the Baltic Sea. Characteristic parameters of compost and the Baltic Sea water were monitored during the incubation period (6 weeks) and their influence on the degree of biodegradation is discussed. After specified degradation times of the experiments the weight loss of the samples, surface changes, changes in molecular weight and polydispersity as well as changes of the composition and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends have been evaluated. Macroscopic observations of the samples were accompanied by investigations using optical microscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. The degree of degradation of blends of a-PHB with PHBV depends on the blend composition and environmental conditions. In both environments studied the weight loss of plain PHBV was more significant than changes the molecular weight. In both environments only enzymatic degradation of the blends, which proceeds via surface erosion mechanisms, was observed during the incubation period.     

Cu对我国17种典型土壤硝化速率的影响

硝化作用是对土壤重金属生物毒性最敏感的微生物过程之一.采用室内模拟的方法,研究了Cu对我国17种典型土壤潜在硝化速率(PNR)的影响.结果表明:随着添加Cu浓度的升高,17种土壤的PNR均呈阶梯状降低,Cu可显著抑制土壤硝化作用;17种土壤EC50值(使PNR降低至对照一半所需Cu浓度)在73.4~2164.4mg·kg-1之间;土壤EC50分别与土壤pH、Mg和Ca含量呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05,p<0.01);PNR(0原始土样的硝化速率)与土壤粘度(<2μm)、Al含量呈显著负相关关系(p<0.01),与pH呈显著正相关关系(p<0.01);EC50、PNR0与阳离子交换量、土壤Cu背景值相关性不大.     

中国西北地区水资源的开发和利用

我国西北地区地广人稀,水资源比较贫乏,而且时空分布极不均匀,极大地影响了该地区人民的生活,限制了该地区的经济开发,因此大力开发西北地区面临的首要问题即水资源问题。本文从西北地区水资源的自然分布、开发利用水资源中存在的问题及有效的解决途径三方面进行了简要的综述。     

含镉废水处理现状及其生物处理技术的进展

在概述物理、化学及生物吸附法处理含镉废水现状的基础上,系统阐述生物强化技术处理重金属废水的研究进展.与普通生物吸附法相比,生物强化技术能提高生物的处理效率,加强生物的稳定性好,增强生物的抗毒性,所以在含镉等重金属废水处理方面具有很大的发展潜力.     

有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚吸附性能的研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)和溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)两种表面活性剂对钠基膨润土进行有机改性,研究了改性后的有机膨润土的用量、介质pH值、作用时间、溶液中对硝基苯酚的浓度等因素对膨润土去除对硝基苯酚的影响.结果表明:同一浓度条件下,CTMAB-有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚的去除率和吸附量均比CPB-有机膨润土高;当对硝基苯酚溶液pH在2-10范围内,2种有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能变化不大,但当pH上升到12时,2种有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚去除率分别下降20.5%和36.2%.2种有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚的吸附可用Freundlich方程加以描述.     

燃煤电站重金属污染与控制技术

介绍了燃煤电站重金属污染的现状,分析了重金属在燃煤中的赋存特性及在煤燃烧过程中的迁移行为,在此基础上,比较了国内外燃煤电站重金属污染的控制技术,提出了适合我国国情的燃煤电站重金属污染控制技术的研究方向.     

Fenton试剂处理油田含聚污水中聚丙烯酰胺的试验研究

通过对我国油田含聚污水污染状况进行分析,提出处理油田含聚污水的关键是去除污水中的聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM).以聚丙烯酰胺污水为处理对象,通过正交试验确定了Fenton试剂各影响因素的影响权重,并深入研究了Fenton试剂中各影响因素的作用机制,同时通过分别试验确定了Fenton试剂处理聚丙烯酰胺污水的最佳操作条件:Fe2 和H2O2浓度分别为400mg/L、1.0mL/L,反应温度40 ℃、反应时间15 min,反应体系的pH为3左右,HPAM的降解率能达到88%以上,COD降解率高达97%.     

交通方式对城市空间形态的影响——以芜湖市为例

城市交通方式和道路系统的布局对城市的规模和空间结构具有重大影响。以芜湖市为例，通过对不同历史时期的比较，提出了城市在水运时期的单侧带状布局、陆路时期的放射布局和综合高速交通时期的都市区三种空间布局形式。此外，借用长度-半径维数模型与关联维数模型对交通方式与城市空间形态之间的关系进行了论证和探讨。