Reaction hazard and mechanism study of H2O2 oxidation of 2-butanol to methyl ethyl ketone using DSC,Phi-TEC II and GC-MS

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) oxidation via H₂O₂ with tungsten-based polyoxometalate catalysts has gained much attention with an ever-growing body of knowledge focusing on the development of environmentally benign processes in chemical industry. In this study, two calorimetry techniques, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Phi-TEC II adiabatic calorimetry, were employed to analyze the thermal hazards associated with the 2-butanol oxidation reaction system. Hydrogen peroxide was the oxidant and a tungsten-based polyoxometalate as the catalyst. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for identification of the organic products. Important thermal kinetic data were obtained including “onset” temperature, heat of reaction, adiabatic temperature rise and self-heat rate. From DSC results, three exothermic peaks were detected with a total heat generation of approximately 1.26 kJ/g sufficiently to induce a thermal runaway. Possible reaction pathway for three stages were proposed based on both DSC and GC-MS results. One exotherm was detected by Phi-TEC II calorimeter and the pressure versus temperature profile together with the DSC and GC-MS data demonstrate the complexity of 2-butanol reaction system under both thermal screening and adiabatic conditions.     

Dissipation and residues of dimethyl disulfide in tomatoes and soil under greenhouse and open field conditions

Abstract

Tomatoes have been widely planted in greenhouses and fields in China. Soil-borne diseases are more harmful to tomatoes than other types of diseases. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) was used as a novel fumigant instead of methyl bromide to control soil-borne diseases. To assess the safety of DMDS for use on tomatoes, its dissipation and terminal residues were investigated at three different locations under greenhouse and open field conditions. The QuEChERS method was simplified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and combined with liquid-liquid extraction purification to allow determination of DMDS levels in both the tomatoes and the soil. The average recovery of the method was between 85.3 and 98.6%, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from to 1.9–10.3%. The dissipation and terminal residues of DMDS in the tomatoes and the soil were analyzed using the method, the results of which showed that the half-life of DMDS ranged from 0.3–6.5 d in the soil at three different locations. The terminal residues of DMDS in the tomatoes and the soil were not detected. This study provided data that the Chinese government can use to support appropriate and safe guidance for the use of DMDS on agriculture.     

甲醇等5种强极性有机物污染事故中的监测分析方法

建立了在突发性水污染事故中定量分析水样中甲醇、丙酮、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等5种极性有机物的实验室和现场应急监测分析方法。采用顶空-车载气相色谱质谱法用于现场快速定性定量分析;顶空-气相色谱法用于实验室准确定量分析。通过优化顶空及气相参数,在最佳实验条件下测得顶空-气相色谱质谱法中甲醇、丙酮、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等5种化合物的检出限分别为1.0、0.06、0.5、10.0、15.0 mg/L,平行测定7次结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.1%~3.8%,加标回收率为69.4%~104%;顶空-气相色谱法灵敏度高于气相色谱质谱法,检出限分别为0.08、0.01、0.03、1.7、1.7 mg/L,平行测定7次结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.5%~4.1%,加标回收率为78.1%~116%。     

罐采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境空气中116种挥发性有机物

利用罐采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱-质谱联用仪结合冷柱箱技术,建立了一次进样同时分析环境空气中116种挥发性有机物的方法.利用苏玛罐采集环境空气样品,液氮低温冷凝浓缩进样,经配有冷柱箱的气相色谱-质谱法进行分析.通过优化冷凝参数和程序升温条件,最终用-35℃初始柱温成功保留住低碳组分,实现用一根色谱柱同时分离低碳和高碳组分...     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定地下水中15种农药残留

通过优选色谱柱,进一步改进色谱分离条件,优化前处理方法,建立一种快速高效测定地下水中15种农药残留量的GC-MS方法。该法采用分段法选择离子(SIM)扫描,具有更高的灵敏度、较低的检出限和较高的回收率,检出限低于0.004 8μg/L,回收率为85.9%~107.4%。本方法的突出特点是前处理速度快、萃取溶剂用量少、环境污染小、色谱运行时间短,基本稳定在25 min内完成分析,适用于大批量样品检测。     

便携式GC-MS选择离子快速测定水中丙烯醛和丙烯腈

便携式气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)能同时对多组分复杂有机物进行定性、定量分析,在环境监测尤其是事故现场应急监测中发挥越来越重要的作用。文章建立了便携式顶空-GC-MS选择离子测定水中丙烯醛、丙烯腈的分析方法,其相关性大于0.997,检测限为5～10μg/L,回收率为93.3%～99.5%,该方法适用于水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛的应急现场及日常实验室分析工作。     

固定污染源中苯系物的便携式气质联用检测方法研究

建立了适用于固定污染源气体中苯系物的日常检测和监督性检测的便携式气质联用分析方法。利用Mars-400便携式GC-MS具有定量环和吸附管同时并存的功能,无需更换仪器部件,根据预测浓度,选择相应的进样模式(10mg/m3为浓度切换点),以保留时间和特征离子定性,总离子峰面积定量,现场对固定污染源中高低浓度苯系物进行直接分析。在吸附管和定量环两种模式下,选择苯系物的质量浓度范围分别为0.1~10 mg/m3、5~100 mg/m3,两者的线性相关系数均≥0.993,相对标准偏差(n=7)为5%~14%,方法回收率在84%~112%之间。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中卤代烃

建立顶空-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中挥发性及半挥发性卤代烃的方法。实验优化顶空平衡温度、顶空平衡时间及盐度条件,并对优化后方法的线性、检出限、精密度及回收率进行分析。结果表明:29种目标化合物在线性范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.997,方法检出限为2.2~5.9μg/kg,样品不同浓度水平加标回收率范围为80.0%~120%,相对标准偏差小于20%。该方法适用于土壤样品中挥发及半挥发性卤代烃的测定。     

基于GC-MS方法的焦化行业特征挥发性有机物分析

基于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法,对南京市2家钢铁企业焦化工艺的挥发性有机物(VOCs)无组织排放情况开展监测。结果表明:焦化行业排放的VOCs主要组分为苯系物、含氧化合物、卤代烃、烷烃和烯烃,分别约占33%、24%、16%、13%和13%,炔烃约占1%;主要特征污染物包括苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醛、丙酮、氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、三氯苯等。     

测量土壤中多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚含量不确定度评定

通过对气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚类化合物含量的不确定度进行评定,分析了测量过程中引入的不确定度来源,求出各不确定度分量,最后合成标准不确定度并计算相对扩展不确定度。结果表明,各化合物最大的不确定度分量是方法回收率,约占50%~90%,方法相对扩展不确定度为0.12~0.20。