液-液小体积萃取GC-MS方法快速测定地表水中的氯苯类化合物

建立了一种液-液小体积萃取GC-MS快速测定地表水中氯苯类化合物的分析方法。该方法具有操作简单快速、适用性广和试剂用量很少等特点。当萃取试剂用量为2ml时(约为一般常规液-液萃取用量的数十分之一),萃取富集效率可达300~500倍,回收率为93%~98%,相对标准偏差为4%~8%,检出限为0.1~0.3μg/L。     

壬基酚和短链壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚同时分析的方法建立

建立了能同时检测污水和污泥中的NP和短链NPEOn的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法,在水样中NP、NPEO1和NPEO2用GC-MS分析方法的检测限分别为2、2和1.5μg/L,用HPLC分析方法的检测限分别为0.01、0.03和0.03mg/L;在泥样中NP、NPEO1和NPEO2用GC-MS分析方法的检测限分别为2、2和1.5ng/g,用HPLC分析方法的检测限分别为0.01、0.03和0.03μg/g。方法的建立为掌握污水和污泥样品中的NP和短链NPEOn提供了方法保障。     

环境样品中三种新型溴代阻燃剂的分析测定

采用索氏抽提、多层硅胶氧化铝柱分离净化和气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-EI-MS和GC-ECNI-MS)分别对沉积物及土壤样品中的十溴二苯基乙烷(DBDPE),四溴舣酚A双(2,3-二溴烯丙基)醚(TBBPA-DB-PE),1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷(BTBPE)3种新型溴代阻燃剂进行了定性和定量分析,并建立了环境样品中这3种新型溴代阻燃剂的检测方法.在3个流程空白中,所有目标物都低于检出限;加标空白中日标化合物DBDPE,TBBPA-DBPE,BTBPE的回收率分别为74.8%-82.5%,88.9%-100.7%,86.7%-102.3%.方法检出限分别为1ng·g~(-1),0.4ng·g~(-1)和0.1ng·g~(-1).DBDPE,TBBPA-DBPE,BTBPE在沉积物和土壤样品中测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为16.29%,0.045%,0.051%.方法具有较低的方法检出限,较好的回收率和重复性,适用于一般环境样品中新型溴代阻燃剂的分析和检测.     

沈阳市烹饪油烟中VOCs排放特征分析

烹饪油烟中挥发性有机物VOCs的大量排放会影响室内外空气质量。采用预浓缩GC-MS方法分析了VOCs的组成,其主要成分是饱和烷烃(40.0%)、烯烃(10.4%),总VOCs平均质量浓度为3407.06±889.5μg·m-3。前18位物种加和结果显示,VOCs的化学活性为等效丙烯浓度622.5ug·m-3。VOCs排放因子为5.03g·kg-1;沈阳市2007年烹饪共排放VOCs 994.5t。     

肝素提取废水的GC-MS分析和处理研究

肝素钠废水含有高浓度无机盐和大量有机污染物,对环境具有潜在的毒性且难以处理,已经受到环境工作者的关注。为了了解废水的主要成分和处理此类废水,本实验用GC-MS对废水进行了分析,并且利用芬顿试剂对其进行了处理,结果发现废水中有机物有26种,其中脂肪酸和芳香衍生物占有较大比例,处理后,有机成分只有3种;讨论了影响处理效果的因素和最佳的工艺条件,发现当pH 值为6.66,硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢的量分别为2.5 g/L和2.8‰ (v/v),搅拌速度为2 000 r/min, 搅拌时间为15 min时,COD的去除率可达到94.50%。     

Degradation of a chiral nonylphenol isomer in two agricultural soils

The degradation of a chiral nonylphenol isomer, 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethylpentyl)phenol (NP₁₁₂), in two agricultural soils from Monheim and Dortmund, Germany has been studied. The degradation of NP₁₁₂ and the formation of a nitro-nonylphenol metabolite were determined by means of GC-MS analysis. The degradation followed bi-exponential order kinetics, with half-life of less than 5 days in both soils. The nitro-metabolite was found at different concentration levels in the two soils. The nitro-metabolite of NP₁₁₂ was more persistent than its parent compound. After 150 days about 13% of the initially applied NP₁₁₂ remained in the Monheim soil as its nitro-metabolite. Results of the E-screen assay revealed that the nitro-NP₁₁₂ has oestrogenic potency of 85% of that of NP₁₁₂. Furthermore, the results of chiral GC-MS analysis revealed that no chiral degradation of NP₁₁₂ occurred in this study.     

Adsorption of mono- and di-butyltin by a wheat charcoal: pH effects and modeling

Understanding adsorption processes of butyltins (BTs) such as monobutyltin (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) by black carbons is important for the evaluation of BT exposure risks to organisms and humans. However, relevant knowledge is scarce. In this study, the acidity constants pK_a,1 = 2.3, pK_a,2 = 3.5 and pK_a,3 = 5.9 for MBT and pK_a,1 = 3.0 and pK_a,2 = 5.1 for DBT are estimated via potentiometric titration. Additionally, adsorption isotherms of BTs to a wheat charcoal were determined. The adsorption behavior was observed to be pH-dependent due to BT speciation and the pH-dependent surface charge of the charcoal. MBT adsorption to the charcoal decreases with increasing pH from 4 to 8, while the highest adsorption occurs at pH 6 for DBT. Adsorption of the BTs is successfully described in the pH range of 3-10 by using a newly developed pH-dependent Dual Langmuir model. The model has the potential to predict the interaction of BT species with charcoal, which can contribute to the risk assessments of BTs in the environment.     

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Atmospheric Air of Tamil Nadu,India, and Human Health Risk Assessment

This study analyzed the seasonal distribution and the possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheric environment of Tamil Nadu, India. Passive air sampling was performed at 32 locations during the period from April 2009 to January 2010, and PAHs were quantified using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Analysis showed that the concentrations of PAHs were in the range of 5–47.5 ng/m³ with uniform distribution in urban areas in all seasons. Pre-monsoon season showed the highest cumulative concentration of PAHs in both agricultural and coastal areas. Among PAHs, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene levels were found to be predominant in all the samples, contributing up to 36%, 35.5%, and 24.5% of total PAHs, respectively. The signature of the PAHs obtained through diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis revealed that diesel emissions was the probable source of PAHs in all locations. Based on Word Health Organization guidelines, the human lung cancer risk due to observed level of PAH concentration (i.e., PAHs exposure) is meager. However, the risk is predicted to be more in the coastal area during summer (18 individuals among 0.1 million people). To the knowledge of these authors, this report is the first on the seasonal analysis of PAHs using passive air sampling in India.     

SPME-GC-MS联用快速检测赤潮海水中的有机物

本文用固相微萃取（ＳＰＭＥ）样品预处理技术,分离富集海水中的有机物,结合气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）联用技术进行海水中有机物的快速检测,研究了赤潮发生时海水中有机物的种类及含量的变化规律,初步探讨了其变化原因,为研究赤潮的发生机理和赤潮预报提供了科学依据。