AC-GO空气阴极对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

考察了氧化石墨烯（GO）修饰活性炭（AC）空气阴极（AC-GO阴极）对微生物燃料电池（MFC）产电性能以及有机物去除率的影响。实验结果表明,向AC阴极中掺杂一定量的GO可以降低阴极的内阻,提高阴极电化学反应速率。其中,GO掺杂量为0.5 mg·cm-2的AC-GO0.05阴极性能最好,该AC-GO0.05阴极MFC体系的最大功率密度（Pmax）为767 mW·m-2,是空白AC阴极体系Pmax（459 mW·m-2）的1.7倍,化学需氧量（COD）去除率和库伦效率（CE）均明显高于空白AC阴极体系。     

可见光响应GO/g-C3N4改性平板膜的制备条件及其表面性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)与石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)为改性剂,采用界面聚合与超滤抽吸结合,对PVDF平板超滤膜(简称原膜)进行表面改性,得到可见光响应的纳米复合改性膜(简称:GO/g-C_3N_4改性膜),研究改性膜的制备条件及其表面性能.结果表明:(1)最佳制备条件为:g-C_3N_410 mg、g-C_3N_4/GO比值为80、苯胺(An)浓度0.5%、An浸泡时间4 h、过硫酸铵(APS)浓度0.8 g·L~(-1)、APS浸泡时间3 h;(2)GO/g-C_3N_4改性膜表面亲水性与抗污染性能显著提高,表面接触角下降55.1%,通量衰减率下降46.3%,经水力冲洗后膜通量恢复率增加51.5%;(3)改性膜的机械强度与拉伸强度增强,拉伸弹性模量增加;(4)GO/g-C_3N_4改性膜表面具有较强的可见光活性,最大吸收边带为495 nm,表面改性功能层的禁带宽度(Eg)值为2.5 e V.改性膜对罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解去除率达到81.2%,而原膜对Rh B吸附去除率仅为42.2%.     

Pd/GO/Ni电极的制备及对2,4-二氯酚的降解研究

为去除持久性氯代有机污染物2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP),利用电化学沉积法制备了一种新型钯/氧化石墨烯/泡沫镍(Pd/GO/Ni)电极,并通过电化学法降解2,4-二氯酚,取得良好的效果。通过扫描电镜等表征手段观察其表面形貌。结果表明:氧化石墨烯浓度为10 mol/L是制备Pd/GO/Ni电极的最佳浓度,p H为3时,Pd/GO/Ni电极对2,4-二氯酚的去除率达到90.7%。     

Long-term impacts of graphene oxide and Ag nanoparticles on anammox process: Performance, microbial community and toxic mechanism

The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has posed an emerging challenge to constructed wetland wastewater treatment. The performance, microbial community and toxic mechanism of anammox-based unplanted subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (USFCWs) were investigated under the long-term exposure of different graphene oxides (GOs) and Ag NP concentrations. Results showed that the addition of GO could promote TN removal, manifesting as function anammox bacteria C. Anammoxoglobus having a relative high abundance, for GO did not cause significant damage to the cell integrity though there was an increase in ROS concentrations. TN removal would not be obviously affected under exposure of 1?mg/L Ag NPs, for the function gene related to cell biogenesis and repair was up-regulated; while the addition of 10?mg/L Ag NPs would have an inhibiting effect on TN removal in the USFCWs, for the disappearance of some species having anammox ability. Key enzymes of anammox process (NIR and HDH) decreased to some extent under GO and Ag NP exposure, and function gene of defense mechanisms had an increase trend in samples.     

Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by Mucor sp. SF06 and Bacillus sp. SB02 co-immobilized on vermiculite

Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.     

氧化石墨烯对水环境中金属离子的吸附作用研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种具有2D晶型独立片层结构的新型碳纳米材料, 其厚度仅为一个碳原子的高度. 由于其具有吸附率高、易制得、可生物降解和可回收再利用等特点, 近年来在水处理研究中受到越来越多的关注. 本文围绕氧化石墨烯的结构和性质, 阐述了氧化石墨烯对水环境中金属离子的主要吸附机制, 讨论并总结了影响氧化石墨烯吸附能力的主要环境因素, 并对氧化石墨烯的应用前景及研究趋势进行了展望.     

有机质和阳离子对氧化石墨烯团聚行为的影响

利用动态光散射技术分别考察了3种天然有机质（NOM）及其浓度和阳离子对纳米氧化石墨烯（GO）在水环境中团聚动力学的影响.无NOM存在时,GO团聚行为符合经典的Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek（DLVO）理论和舒尔采-哈迪准则.Na⁺溶液中,NOM显著增强GO稳定性,顺序为腐殖酸（HA） > 富里酸（FA） > 海藻酸钠（SA）,这主要是由于HA在GO之间产生了更强的空间位阻斥力.以HA为代表性有机质,2mg/L HA对GO在水溶液中的稳定性还受阳离子种类的影响：HA增强了GO在Na⁺和Mg²⁺溶液中的稳定性,然而对GO在Ca²⁺溶液中的稳定性几乎没有影响.提高HA浓度为5mg/L时：高浓度Mg²⁺溶液中,HA的盐析效应使得其未促进GO稳定性;Ca²⁺溶液中,HA与Ca²⁺发生了较强的桥联作用,使得HA促进了GO的团聚.     

肝酶对钢铁工人代谢健康型肥胖与高尿酸血症关联影响

为探讨代谢健康型肥胖(MHO)和高尿酸血症(HUA)之间的关系,以及肝酶相关异常对此关系的影响,采用横断面研究,以参加河北钢铁公司职业体检的6 868名钢铁工人为研究对象,采用logistic回归模型和交互效应模型进行数据分析。结果表明:在校正混杂因素后,代谢健康全身肥胖的钢铁工人患HUA的风险增加2.13倍(比值比OR=2.13,95%置信区间CI:1.08~4.21);代谢健康腹型肥胖的钢铁工人患HUA的风险增加2.25倍(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.14~4.45)。在分层分析中,肝酶升高组MHO的钢铁工人HUA患病率显著高于肝酶正常组,不同肥胖表型和肝酶水平之间存在交互作用(P<0.05)。MHO与HUA的高患病率相关。肝酶升高可能改变MHO和HUA之间的关系。     

GO法进行有共因失效系统可靠性分析的新算法研究

共因失效可能使系统的可靠性大大降低,是系统可靠性分析中的重点和难点。GO法可以对含共因失效的系统进行可靠性分析。为了选取已有算法合适的参数,更为了提高有多个共因失效组系统的GO法可靠性分析效率,进行了相关研究。对关键参数公式进行了理论分析,并就几个算例系统进行了计算试验;对已有算法进行了深入研究,为了改进已有算法对共因失效组逐个处理,提出了将共因失效组中的部件均由本组等效共因失效部件代替的新算法。进而,应用分组法和新算法对一个简单示例系统和外电源备用系统进行了共因失效分析。给出了对已有算法参数选取的建议;通过对比可知分组法与新算法计算结果相近。通过对已有算法参数的合理化选取,可以提高计算结果的准确度;新算法可对所有共因失效组一次性处理,是共因失效分析的有效方法。