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331.
粉煤灰对阴离子水溶性混合染料的吸附动力学 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
以燃煤废弃物粉煤灰作为吸附剂,对活性红23与活性蓝4、活性黄4、酸性黑1、酸性蓝193的混合染料溶液进行吸附性能研究.结果表明,在不同的混合体系中,活性红23的脱色率基本保持在60%~70%;体系中酸性染料的脱色率均超过90%;活性蓝4的脱色率高达85%;活性黄4的脱色率仅为50%.准二级吸附动力学能够更好地描述粉煤灰对水溶性混合染料的吸附过程.染料在溶液中的外扩散系数均为10-4cm·s-1数量级,染料在粉煤灰颗粒的内扩散系数为10-8cm2·s-1数量级.根据BN数,水溶性染料在粉煤灰上的竞争吸附是外扩散控制的吸附过程. 相似文献
332.
Neretnieks I 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2006,88(3-4):269-288
In fractured rocks with a porous rock matrix such as granites, radionuclides will flow with the water in the fracture network. The nuclides will diffuse in and out the rock matrix where they can sorb and be considerably retarded compared to the water velocity. A water parcel entering the network will mix and split at the fracture intersections and parts of the original parcel will traverse a multitude of different fractures. The flowrates, velocities, sizes and apertures of the fractures can vary widely. Normally one must solve the transport equations for every fracture and use the effluent concentration as inlet condition to the next fracture and so on. It is shown that under some weakly simplified conditions it suffices to determine one single parameter group containing information on the flow wetted surface that a water parcel contacts along the entire path. It is also shown how this can be obtained. Then, solving the transport equations only once for time and location along the path gives the concentration and nuclide flux of every nuclide in the chain everywhere along a path. The same solution actually is valid for every path in the network. This dramatically reduces the computation effort. The same approach can be used for models based on streamtubes. 相似文献
333.
Health institutions in the People's Republic of China are under considerable challenge. Innovations in management systems may support the challenge to increase both efficiency and effectiveness. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is one such innovation. We have used a model to explore the factors that may impact the diffusion of the BSC in Chinese government hospitals. In particular, we concentrate on three factors - the outer context, the nature of the innovation and the communication and influence. The outer context and the nature of the innovation do provide an inducement to implement a BSC. The strength of the communication and influence may affect the level of take-up. However, we recognise that they may choose "the BSC not for any apparent technical excellence but for the legitimation that Western management practices may bring to local managers. 相似文献
334.
为研究城市空间结构对汽车尾气扩散规律,根据高分辨率遥感影像建立了某城市核心区域几何模型。以当地常年气象风向作为重要的边界条件之一,应用CFD多相流技术,模拟了十字交叉口车辆队列怠速等候35,45,55 s时的尾气扩散过程,并对45 s时4个监测点的体积分数进行了实测,最后,通过建筑高度优化,降低了该区域的尾气含量。以上研究结果表明:在空间狭小区域,近地空间CO体积分数达1.0×10-7,与研究域平均体积分数相差100倍以上,说明城市空间结构对尾气扩散影响较大,仿真所揭示的规律与实测吻合。建筑设计时应结合当地气象风向和风速,应设计一定的建筑高度梯度,可以促使污浊气体迅速扩散至远地空间。 相似文献
335.
This paper discusses a procedure for case studies of accidental gas explosions. The procedure for each case study can be subdivided into four steps, i.e., collection of proofs, analyses, confirmation, and inference about the processes of the accident, and the issues in each step are pointed out. Making a guess on the sequence of the accident to be investigated should be avoided during collection of proofs. Misunderstanding of the phenomena in analyses and confirmation is likely caused by inappropriate knowledge on the phenomena and/or use of unsuitable models. The sequence of the accidental gas explosion should be inferred on the basis of confirmed processes. If there are other possibilities, those should be described in the report. The reasonableness of the results of a case study depends on the rationality of the procedure and the quality or plausibility of knowledge to infer the probable sequence. 相似文献
336.
The numerical simulation of gas dispersion is of great importance in various areas of engineering such as optimisation, synthesis of chemical process, petroleum industry and process safety. The OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) code is a free and open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program. The current research is focused on the development and customisation of a computational tool for handling gas dispersion of heavy gases, such a LNG and CO2. The novel CFD tool relies on OpenFOAM framework. The core of the work is based on the OpenFOAM solver rhoReactingBuoyantFoam to handle gas dispersion. A series of CFD simulations has been performed for methane and CO2. The source term of the former is modelled by HSM (Hybrid Switch Model). The model comprises contribution from HEM (Homogeneous Equilibrium Model) approach, frozen model and non-equilibrium model for CO2 leak. The novel approach switches between equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions based on the meta-stable parameter on the grounds of thermodynamics and experimental observations. Good agreement with experimental data is observed. Numerical findings for methane leakage from the proposed CFD tool are compared with experimental data and FLACS. Good agreement is observed. 相似文献
337.
可视化技术是一个新的技术领域,应用可视化技术结合模拟实验平台开展了重质气体泄漏扩散实验。对泄漏源不同间距和泄漏区障碍物工况下多泄漏源同时泄漏时的泄漏扩散过程进行了可视化研究,得到了罐区重气泄漏扩散过程的可视化影像。结果表明:可视化研究较好地展现了罐区重质气体泄漏扩散的全过程;多源泄漏的间距越大,扩散越快,范围越广;泄漏源靠的越近,其中间区域越容易形成重气高浓度区,危害越大;重质气体泄漏扩散至障碍物时,扩散行为会发生变化,在障碍物前后会形成高浓度区,并沿着障碍物壁面慢慢上升直至稀释成中性气体,危险性减小。 相似文献
338.
大气臭氧扩散采样方法的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
用扩散采样法,吸收空气中的O3,该方法测得的O3浓度对臭氧发生系统产生的O3浓度的相关系数为0.9895。该方法测得的空气中O3浓度与自动连续监测结果符合很好。 相似文献
339.