大鹏湾环境容量研究Ⅰ:自净能力模拟分析

在估算大鹏湾污染源强及统计海水污染物浓度的基础上,采用三维水动力模型及污染物扩散模型,模拟了大鹏湾的海水交换及污染物扩散过程,分析了大鹏湾海水交换与生化降解对自净能力的贡献.结果表明,大鹏湾潮差小,约为1m,潮流弱,污染物难于向湾外扩散,其物理自净能力差,湾内海水自净主要取决于生化降解.在吐露港海区与沙头角海区,污染排放较大,水深较小,海水难于交换,容易受到污染.     

Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy for conducting gas tracer tests and measuring water saturations in landfills

Gas tracer tests can be used to determine gas flow patterns within landfills, quantify volatile contaminant residence time, and measure water within refuse. While gas chromatography (GC) has been traditionally used to analyze gas tracers in refuse, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) might allow real-time measurements with reduced personnel costs and greater mobility and ease of use. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PAS for conducting gas tracer tests in landfills. Two tracer gases, difluoromethane (DFM) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), were measured with a commercial PAS instrument. Relative measurement errors were invariant with tracer concentration but influenced by background gas: errors were 1-3% in landfill gas but 4-5% in air. Two partitioning gas tracer tests were conducted in an aerobic landfill, and limits of detection (LODs) were 3-4 times larger for DFM with PAS versus GC due to temporal changes in background signals. While higher LODs can be compensated by injecting larger tracer mass, changes in background signals increased the uncertainty in measured water saturations by up to 25% over comparable GC methods. PAS has distinct advantages over GC with respect to personnel costs and ease of use, although for field applications GC analyses of select samples are recommended to quantify instrument interferences.     

内河非溶解性危险化学品泄漏扩散过程影响因素

针对内河中非挥发性危险化学品（危化品）运输船舶的泄漏扩散问题,建立了一种通用数值模拟方法,研究了内河非溶解性危化品泄漏扩散过程的影响因素。结果表明：危化品的密度和黏度对内河危化品泄漏扩散过程的影响相对较小,而水流速率和危化品泄漏速率对危化品泄漏扩散过程的影响较大;水流速率对危化品泄漏扩散过程的影响主要表现在泄漏扩散范围（尤其是泄漏区域长度）方面,而危化品泄漏速率的影响主要表现在泄漏区域宽度、微团数量以及最大微团面积方面。建议应针对丰水期危化品大泄漏量的情况展开监管,并将其作为内河危化品泄漏应急工作的重点。     

湖泊沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散作用及其水质影响研究

通过对云南泸沽湖、洱海沉积物孔隙水微量重金属剖面特征及界面扩散通量的研究,定量评估了微量重金属界面扩散作用对上覆湖水水质的影响,并探讨了春季节性变化规律,结果表明,孔隙水微量重金属浓度面均呈典型的峰形分布,界面氧化还原状况的变化是影响这种分布的主要因素;微量重金属界面扩散通量在夏季明显大于冬季,深水区大于浅水区;这种擅长 用作用对湖水中微量重金属含量的变化影响较大,尤其对深度较小,水体寄宿时间长、     

对燃气轮机发电厂NOx排放执行标准问题的探讨

针对实际工作中,燃气轮机发电厂ＮＯｘ排放情况,就燃气轮机发电厂执行大气污染物排放标准问题进行了讨论。     

易燃、易爆(有毒)重大危险源(罐区)泄漏物扩散模型及数值模拟

在研究易燃、易爆、有毒的重大危险源和泄漏物扩散模型的基础上,建立了易燃、易爆、有毒物三维数值模拟程序,得到了复杂地形条件下关键点的有害物浓度历史和有害物的时空分布     

高压注入和等压扩散条件下N2置换煤中CH4的研究

为探究注气置换抽采煤层瓦斯的效果,揭示注弱吸附性气体N2在等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下置换煤中CH4的机理,采用自行搭建的含瓦斯煤多元气体置换试验装置,开展等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下注N2置换煤中CH4的试验研究.研究结果表明:在注N2量相同的条件下,等压扩散置换量始终高于高压注气置换量,在等压扩散下N2置换CH4效...     

典型地铁站的污染物扩散全尺寸试验研究

为全面了解地铁站内有毒有害气体的扩散发展规律,选取北京某地铁站开展了全尺寸实地扩散试验.利用三维超声波风速仪和多通道风速仪对机械通风工况下的站内流场进行监测,并对其气流组织形式进行分析;采用六氟化硫（SF₆）释放、时序采集和离线检测的方法,研究重气的传输速度和扩散范围等扩散与沉降规律,以期为地铁站内人员疏散路径规划提供数据支撑.结果表明：该地铁站在机械通风工况下,会形成一个较为规律的主流场,将其划分为相对独立的东、西两个区域,污染气体SF₆只能在释放源所处的气流顺向区域内流动,反向区域多个监测点SF₆均未检出;重气在扩散时会出现明显的沉降现象,SF₆浓度由2.5 m处的25 ppm分别升高至1.6 m处的180 ppm和0.5 m处的300ppm,且易于在楼梯、边缘等位置的地面积累从而形成局部高浓度区域,浓度可高达300 ppm以上;少量气体可以通过楼梯进入上层站厅,但浓度总体低于75 ppm,难以进一步由出入口扩散至站外地面;应急处置时,需要尽快将乘客向上层或气流反向区域疏散.     

天然气气田开发中钻井与集输管线工程环境监理浅议

天然气气田开发工程属生态影响类建设项目,其中以钻井工程和集输管线工程对环境影响最大,其特点是：污染物种类复杂,环境影响时间长,影响范围广,生态扰动大。本文结合某大型天然气气田开发工程环境监理的工作实践,归纳总结了钻井工程和集输管线工程的特点,并针对工程实施过程中存在的主要环境问题,着重分析了开展工程环境监理的重点工作内容。     

Does corporate social performance reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the macro level?

Corporate social performance (CSP) is assumed to have a positive impact on macroeconomic sustainability, but empirical evidence of this impact is absent in the literature. The objective of this paper is to investigate the macro impacts of CSP. We first establish a conceptual framework on the relationship between CSP at the individual business level and sustainability at the macro level. Next, we empirically test the relationship between (averaged) CSP scores and greenhouse gas emissions at the macro level for 22 countries during 2004–2011. We use Granger causality tests to check for Granger causality. The estimation results show that CSP reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but the long-term effect is rather modest.