Study on the characteristics of gas explosion affected by induction charged water mist in confined space

To investigate the suppression effect of charged water mist on gas explosion, a small charged water mist generator and a gas explosion simulation device were designed based on the principle of electrostatic induction. Experiments for testing characteristics of the gas explosion in a confined space under different charged polarities, charged voltages and mist fluxes were carried out. Experimental results indicated that, compared with the normal water mist, the explosion peak overpressure and the flame propagation speed could be more effectively reduced by the charged water mist. And this suppression effect could be promoted by increasing the charged voltage. To visualize the effect of the charged water mist's polarity on gas explosion, comparative experiments were conducted. The results showed that the explosion peak overpressure, the overpressure rising rate, and the propagation speed of the flame were reduced by 64.7%, 33.0% and 19.4%, respectively, when a +8 kV charged voltage was applied. In situation where a -8 kV charged voltage was applied, 64.1%, 26.5% and 16.0% reductions were achieved for the explosion peak overpressure, the overpressure rising rate, and the flame propagation speed respectively. Comparison of this data leads to the conclusion that the gas explosion could be more efficiently suppressed by the positively charged water mist.     

Analysis and assessment of a critical event during an underground coal gasification experiment

The main goal of the study presented in this paper was to analyse the mechanisms affecting an Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) process and to identify possible deviations of the system from normal work to limit, or even avoid, losses. The UCG process is one of the most innovative technologies connected with the exploitation of coal deposits that are currently being tested and developed all around the world. It allows the conversion of a coal seam into gas under in situ conditions of high temperature with the use of gasifying agents such as air, oxygen, steam or with a mixture of them.The paper presents the results of the analysis and assessment of a critical event during the process: a dangerous gas accumulation that occurred during an underground coal gasification experiment in the Experimental Mine “Barbara” of the Central Mining Institute (Poland). The UCG experiment using the shaft method is described, together with its monitoring system and the problems that appeared during the process. The application of the Fault Tree Methodology allowed the establishment of the main factors that may lead to the explosion and to present possible scenarios of its occurrence.Moreover, calculations were carried out to evaluate the risk level of explosion for the gas mixture and the minimum level of oxygen in the mixture that is necessary to initiate an explosion. These calculations were based on a modification of the formula proposed by Le Chatelier. During the course of the underground experiment, original information of the process behaviour has been acquired that can be used in the preparation of other UCG experiments in operational mines to guarantee the safety and the stability of the process.     

铝材厂恶臭的影响评价

本文采用六级臭气强度法评定恶臭强度,将臭气等级标准半定量化,然后借助高斯烟云扩散模式以TSP为示踪剂进行预测,获得预期的效果。     

Chemical Behaviour of Calcium in Stabilized Oil Ash Reef Blocks After Five Years in the Ocean

Reef blocks made from stabilized oil ash were taken from the sea after five years in the ocean to examine the chemical behaviour of calcium. Experiments included (1) determination of the calcium leaching rate and a comparison with the rate for unexposed blocks to test the validity of a diffusion model for predicting long term (5 years) leaching rates, (2) determination of the effect of biological cover (shell) on the leaching rate, (3) determination of the leaching rate of the core of exposed reef blocks, (4) determination of the calcium content in 'ring areas' - regions of discoloration observed in sectioned exposed reef blocks, and (5) determination of the leachable fraction of the total calcium in exposed reef blocks. Results showed the presence of a pronounced calcium discontinuity zone located 3-7 cm from the outside surface of the reef blocks. Cumulated calcium release rates ranged from 2.81-3.14 μmol cm^-2 day^-1 for original unexposed reef blocks and the core of exposed (in the ocean for five years) blocks, respectively, to 0.47-0.50 μmol cm^-2 day^-1 for outside (facing sea water) surfaces of exposed reef blocks. Tank leaching studies also showed that the presence or absence of hard biological cover (shells) had little or no effect on the calcium release rate. the diffusion model normally used in modelling the chemical behaviour of calcium cannot be used to predict the long term (five years) leaching of calcium. the core of the exposed blocks released calcium at a rate similar to new, unexposed reef block material. Overall, it appears that the calcium discontinuity zone is probably responsible for restricting the release of calcium and hence the failure of the diffusion model.     

顶空气相色谱法测定饮水中氰化物

采用顶空气相色谱法，测定饮水中氰化物。对水样保存特殊性的影响，色谱柱的选择及实验条件进行研究。结果表明，CN^-浓度在1-18ug/l呈线性关系，最低检出限为0．35ug/l，高、中、低三浓度测定相对标准偏差分别为2．68％、6．69％、6．98％，回收率范围83．4-119．2％，满足卫生检验要求。是一种简便快速、实用性强的分析方法。     

燃烧过程的气体取样及燃烧产物的组分分析

介绍燃烧过程中气体取样时常用的两种方法：微探针取样法和分子束取样法,详细论述了燃烧产物中的气体组分、自由基以及离子的分析方法,并对各咱分析方法优缺点进行了比较。     

环境样品中PCBs的测定

本文详细地介绍了应用 ＧＣ／ＭＳ或ＧＣ／ＥＣＤ测定环境样品样中 ＰＣＢＳ的分析方法及样品前处理的方法，并给出了 ３０个行政检查样品的测定结果。     

酸性气干法制硫酸工艺应用

介绍荆门分公司50kt／a酸性气干法制硫酸装置的工艺设计特点、开车及运行情况，指出装置在运行过程中遇到的问题和解决方法。     

室内空气中苯和甲苯浓度分布特征调查

室内挥发性有机物(VOCs)中的苯和甲苯是造成室内空气污染的主要原因之一。对某系列办公室和民用住宅进行空气采样，运用气相色谱法进行分析。结果表明，对于内部装修后超过1年的办公室、室内苯、甲苯浓度均不超过标准限值：苯浓度占TVOC的1．3％—13％，其中大部分房间为7％左右：甲苯浓度占TVOC的0％—8．5％，其中大部分房间为5％以下：室内苯浓度一般高于甲苯浓度。对于内部装修后1—2月内的民用住宅，室内苯、甲苯污染相当严重，部分住宅远远超出标准限值：苯浓度一般低于或接近甲苯浓度。因此，可以认为室内甲苯的释放速度比苯快。     

烟气循环吸收法脱硫技术

介绍了一种先进的半干法烟气脱硫技术 ,对其工艺流程、技术特点进行了较详尽的描述。该工艺具有设备少、工艺简单、投资省、占地面积小、维护费用低等特点。