气田水处理药剂的筛选及应用

为了确保气田水水质处理效果,除正确选择水处理工艺和装置外,还必须选择相应的化学处理药剂。针对川东气田水水质状况,对多种絮凝剂进行了评价和筛选室内实验。综合考虑5种药剂性能和价格,无机絮凝剂选择TSY4-1效果较好;综合考虑5种处理方法的效果和药剂价格,选择TSY4-2有机絮凝剂作有机浮选剂效果较好。为验证室内实验结果,在川东气田池34井和卧20井气田水处理站分别进行了现场应用实验。结果表明筛选的组合配方药剂完全能够替代进口水处理药剂,能满足川东气田水水质处理的需要。     

ASSESSING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR CROP IRRIGATION1

ABSTRACT: An economic analysis of the profitability of adopting solar photovoltaic energy systems for crop irrigation is undertaken. The economic, technological, and political uncertainties surrounding adoption are discussed with reference to their impact on anticipated profitability. On the assumption that the costs of producing photovoltaic modules follows a learning curve characteristic of other inventions, solar systems are likely to be viable for irrigation in some states by mid to late 1980s. A field test in Nebraska is described.     

Thought for Fuelling Change: A Review of Three Models for Understanding Environmentally Significant Transitions

For over a century, western economic development has depended upon the use of combustible hydrocarbons for its energy needs. The 20th century saw the prolific exploitation of fossil hydrocarbon sources (coal and oil) which are finite and exhaustible. There is a clear need for society to conserve such non-renewable resources. In addition to conservation, a wholesale switch to renewable energy sources should be seen as the first research and development priority. In the interim, moving towards a crop-based fuel economy appears to be a good alternative to provide the necessarily dramatic changes in lifestyle and mindset that would be required of consumers, for a wholesale shift away from hydrocarbon combustion. Before programs and policies designed to address the need for an interim or alternative energy and materials economy are put into place however, it is important to understand the barriers and opportunities put forth by society itself. Conventional frameworks designed to understand this type of change are of limited assistance. This paper argues that institutional thinking is a very useful tool in addressing these types of environmental problems.     

矿井瓦斯涌出量预测的灰色建模法

简要介绍了瓦斯涌出量的常用预测方法 ,指出了各种预测方法的弊端 ,从矿山实际出发 ,把非等间距数列变为等间距数列 ,根据灰色理论提出的预测方法 ,利用不同采深瓦斯涌出量的原始数据建立矿井瓦斯涌出量的动态GM(1,1)模型 ,进行瓦斯涌出量预测 ,选择了合理的误差检验模型 ,并通过实例说明了GM(1,1)模型在预测瓦斯涌出量中的应用 ,结果表明预测程度较高。对矿井延深做好瓦斯涌出量预测并进行矿井安全生产具有很好的指导意义。     

活性碳纤维（PAN—ACF）对SO2的物理吸附、传质机理和扩散的探讨

本文研究ＰＡＮ－ＡＣＦ的主要结构参数，探讨了ＡＣＦ对ＳＯ２的物理吸附、脱附性能以及传质机理，得出传质过程为内扩散控制，并计算出扩散系数Ｄ值约为活性炭Ｄ的５０－１７０倍。     

Impact of a shock wave on a structure on explosion at altitude

The number of explosive attacks on civilian buildings has recently increased and the pattern of damage inflicted on structures when an explosion takes place at altitude remains quite difficult to predict. The primary aim of the work reported here was to enhance the understanding of how blast waves from an explosion at altitude interact with the ground and with a structure. Small-scale experiments were conducted using a propane–oxygen stoichiometric mixture as explosive. This approach is original because it models high-explosive detonation in terms of gaseous charge explosion using TNT equivalents. Several non-dimensional laws are expressed and validated by experiments. These relationships allow determination of the propagation of a blast wave and its interaction with a structure as a function of the position of the explosive charge when the explosion occurs at altitude. Then, from knowledge of the blast loading, using Hopkinson's scaling law and TNT equivalents, we can predict the interaction of blast waves with the ground and a structure on a real scale. Simulations were performed using the Autodyn code, and good correlation with the experimental results was obtained.     

基于历史资料的中国北方草原火灾风险评价

根据我国北方草原区各省、自治区1991—2005年的草原火灾资料，利用信息扩散理论和风险矩阵对我国北方草原区的草原火灾风险进行了计算，给出了我国北方各草原区的草原火灾年发生次数和草原火灾年受灾率在各个风险水平下的风险值，定量地评价了我国北方草原区的草原火灾风险。并给出几个重要风险水平下草原火灾风险的空间分布趋势和综合指标下的我国草原火灾风险空间分布趋势。     

瓦斯爆炸事故有毒气体扩散及危险区域分析

针对瓦斯爆炸事故毒气扩散实际情况对高斯烟团模型进行改进,得出了适合井下瓦斯爆炸事故毒气扩散规律的公式,并对公式中的扩散参数进行了修正。按照井下瓦斯爆炸事故频发区的几种典型巷道,拟合了距爆源处大于300m情况下的毒气传播规律公式。依据该公式划分了瓦斯爆炸事故毒气扩散死亡区、重伤区、轻伤区,为瓦斯爆炸事故安全评价提供了理论基础。     

防毒面具试验用湿度表计算方法的改进研究

传统的湿度表计算方法费时费力,而且误差较大。本文采用VB6开发了湿度表计算软件包,大大提高了工作效率,实现计算、绘图、打印一次完成,彻底解决了防护时间试验中的一个难题。     

气体扩散数学模型在安全评价方面的应用

工业生产、储运过程涉及储存大量气态和液态的危险性物质,该类物质大都易燃易爆、有毒有害。民用燃料的输送和储藏,也涉及易燃易爆。气体或液体物质发生泄漏事故,可能对附近居民和环境造成极大的危害。气体物质一旦发生泄漏,很难将其限定在一定范围内,势必造成大面积的危害。因此,事故状态下有毒气体的扩散,是安全评价中灾害后果评价的重要内容。笔者通过梯度输送理论,建立了无风条件下气体扩散的动态模型。在限定容器中气体介质是中性气体的情况下,由于中性气体在扩散过程中各向同性,扩散方程获得了简化。进一步限定容器形状为最常见的圆柱形,确定了模型的边界条件,求出了该条件下扩散方程的解析解。开发的扩散模型建立的理论依据是梯度输送理论即单位时间内物质通过单位面积的输送的通量与浓度梯度成正比。同时对建立的模型在安全评价方面的应用进行了初探,结合实例提出了该模型的应用方向。