The role of wind field, mixing height and horizontal diffusivity investigated through two lagrangian particle models

Two Lagrangian particle models, APOLLO and MILORD, were used to simulate the first ETEX experiment. The role played by wind field, mixing height h and horizontal diffusivity K_H appeared to be the most important aspects to be studied. The sensitivity to the accuracy of the input advection field was studied through the application of APOLLO using different ECMWF data sets differing in space and time resolution and in being forecasted or analysed, corresponding to the real-time, emergency-like condition, and to the a posteriori benchmark simulation. The role of h and K_H was investigated by running both APOLLO and MILORD with different parameterisations, and comparing the model results between them and with the available observations.The model evaluation was carried out through a set of statistical indexes computed on three hourly average concentrations paired in space and time and time-integrated concentrations. It was found that the quality of the input wind field plays a major role in predicting with sufficient accuracy the plume position and extension after the first 24 h from the beginning of the release. The best-model results are obtained with large values of K_H (in the range of 2.5×10⁴–4.5×10⁴ m² s^-1), which confirms the need to enhance the horizontal diffusion, in order to include the advection fluctuations unresolved by large-scale meteorological fields. A fixed value of h in the range 1000–1500 m seems to be more efficient than space and time variable h computed with standard algorithms. A reasonable explanation for this result is given, based on the consideration that in the long range, particles diffuse also in the residual layer above the stable nocturnal boundary layer.     

沈阳市机动车排放污染控制

综述了沈阳市机动车的发展与现状 ,着重探讨了沈阳市机动车尾气给人民生活带来的危害和解决办法 ,讨论了问题的所在 ,并对未来沈阳机动车尾气治理提出建议。     

新型丝网填料滴滤器净化含苯废气的实验研究

实验研究了新型丝网填料滴滤器净化含苯废气的性能。研究表明该生物滴滤器能够有效的净化含苯废气 ,在入口负荷小于 6 0mg·L-1·h-1时 ,平均净化效率在 90 %以上。当进口负荷提高时 ,消除能力也逐渐提高 ,但净化效率有所下降 ,将进口负荷控制在 30～ 6 0mg·L-1·h-1之间 ,即可以达到高的净化效率 ,又可保持较高的消除能力。苯的净化效率随进气量增加而下降 ,对于净化高浓度苯废气 ,10～ 2 0m/h的气速是比较合适的。不锈钢丝网填料对循环液分布均匀性有较高要求 ,特别在生物膜的形成阶段。当喷淋系统不能保证布液均匀时 ,可采用阶梯环等化工填料作为最初的液体分配层。     

浅析城考指标"汽车尾气达标率"

根据城市环境综合整治定量考核指标"汽车尾气达标率"的定义、解释及其实施规定,结合实际,针对性地分析了客观存在的问题,并提出一些可行性建议。     

有机磷农药分析测试方法的改进

对有机磷分析方法进行改进．使之能有效地对乐果、甲基对硫磷和乙基对硫磷进行检测,分离效果好,时间短。     

Hydrogen explosion incident mitigation in steam reforming units through enhanced inspection and forecasting corrosion tools implementation

Hydrogen (H₂) explosion effects recently examined, are confirming the devastating loss scenarios to humans, environment, assets, and associated business interruption. H₂ production is a core process in refineries used in further process steps. Steam reforming of natural gas or a mix with naphtha or LPG is a common hydrogen production technique, where the latest technologies have adopted enhanced metallurgies to minimize explosion risk and the associated maintenance cost following plant degradation owing to corrosion effects. However, corrosion rates are still high in specific areas of piping and process equipment. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology based on semi-quantitative RBI modeling according to regulations by API and recent EN standards, adopting a family of linear regression forecasting models that depict the yearly corrosion rate (per corrosion loop) of a hydrogen production steam reforming unit; this is done under different operating conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and fluid speed), metallurgy and other related physicochemical variables. The model is based on the examination of both ultrasonic wall thinning measurements and the examination of quantitative crosslinking total corrosion effects along with the physicochemical properties prevailing in different plant corrosion loops. The outcome of the regression analysis is an expansive family of multivariable equations describing, with a defined accuracy, the yearly corrosion rate and associated lifespan forecast per corrosion loop, and per examined part. These equations were further utilized in a custom-made database that can be used as an additional loss prevention tool by the hydrogen production unit management team. Evaluation results regarding the tool efficiency are presented in the following of this paper.     

Reaction hazard and mechanism study of H2O2 oxidation of 2-butanol to methyl ethyl ketone using DSC,Phi-TEC II and GC-MS

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) oxidation via H₂O₂ with tungsten-based polyoxometalate catalysts has gained much attention with an ever-growing body of knowledge focusing on the development of environmentally benign processes in chemical industry. In this study, two calorimetry techniques, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Phi-TEC II adiabatic calorimetry, were employed to analyze the thermal hazards associated with the 2-butanol oxidation reaction system. Hydrogen peroxide was the oxidant and a tungsten-based polyoxometalate as the catalyst. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for identification of the organic products. Important thermal kinetic data were obtained including “onset” temperature, heat of reaction, adiabatic temperature rise and self-heat rate. From DSC results, three exothermic peaks were detected with a total heat generation of approximately 1.26 kJ/g sufficiently to induce a thermal runaway. Possible reaction pathway for three stages were proposed based on both DSC and GC-MS results. One exotherm was detected by Phi-TEC II calorimeter and the pressure versus temperature profile together with the DSC and GC-MS data demonstrate the complexity of 2-butanol reaction system under both thermal screening and adiabatic conditions.     

北方县城生活垃圾填埋场的探讨

本文对垃圾填埋场垃圾处理工艺进行阐述,详细描述垃圾填埋场建设内容,并对垃圾填埋场建设的必要性进行分析。     

特殊环境中气载放射性物质的监测研究

本文对特殊环境下气载放射性物质中β放射性气体以及β放射性气溶胶做以实验,并根据后期的实验结果进行分析,详细探讨两者的测量结果,希望能为相关人士提供有效参考。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中三甲胺

采用4%聚乙二醇(PEG)-20M+1%KOHGXD-401为固定相,2m×3mm玻璃填充柱分离三甲胺,FID检测。该方法有较高灵敏度和良好的线性关系。结果表明:在柱温140℃,进样口温度180℃,检测器温度180℃,氮流量30mL/min时,平均回收率为100 3%,相对标准差为3%。