重组质粒DNA在热处理过程中的降解/变性规律研究

生物实验室产生的废弃重组基因片段的排放是造成.基因污染"的途径之一.热处理是目前生物实验室处置废弃重组基因片段、核酸等物质的主要手段.以pET-28b质粒为材料,采用定量PCR技术结合电泳和质粒转化等手段分析了重组基因片段在热处理过程中的降解与失活规律,以及不同离子强度对重组质粒热降解的影响.结果显示,100℃热处理过程中质粒 pET28b 的降解随时间变化较为明显,降解半衰期约为2.7min;处理30min后仍存在具有转化活性的质粒;实验结果表明,100℃热处理后的废弃重组基因片段排入自然生态系统后仍存在基因转移的可能性.     

中子活化分析在研究成都市大气飘尘中的应用

由于成都市特定的地理环境和逆温差效应的气候特点,成都市的大气污染在横向和纵向上几乎都不能扩散,而只能就地弥漫。本文就利用中子活化这一核分析技术,对成都市不同季节、不同地点的大气飘尘中微量元素（特别是Ａｓ、Ｃｒ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ等有害元素）的变化进行了初步分析。     

甲胺、二甲胺及三甲胺的气相色谱测定

采用气相色谱法、大口径毛细管柱分离了甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺.用氮磷检测器(NPD)检测,得到了良好的分离效果和很高的灵敏度,检测限可达0.025mg/L.同时,对甲胺类在NPD和氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)上的灵敏度作了比较,发现甲胺类物质在NPD上的灵敏度大大高于FID,因此,前者特别适用于检测环境试样中低含量甲胺类有机物的监测.     

Experimental investigation of limiting oxygen concentration of hybrid mixtures

An investigation into the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of fifteen combustible dusts and methane, ethanol and isopropanol hybrid mixtures in the standard 20 L explosion chamber was performed. Three ignition energies (10 J, 2 kJ and 10 kJ) were used. The results show that a 10 J electrical spark ignition leads to significantly higher limiting oxygen concentration values than either 2 kJ or 10 kJ pyrotechnic igniters. This could be due to the “overdriving” effect of the chemical igniters, which produce a hot flame that virtually covers the entire explosion chamber during combustion. With respect to hybrid mixture investigation, the 20 L sphere was modified to allow the input of methane gas and flammable solvents. The limiting oxygen concentrations of the hybrid mixtures were found to be considerably lower than those of dust air mixtures when the relatively weaker spark igniter was used. There was no significant change in limiting oxygen concentration when the higher energy chemical igniters were used.     

汤加火山喷发SO2全球传输扩散态势模拟研究

针对2022年1月汤加火山喷发SO₂全球扩散态势,采用拉格朗日粒子扩散模式(FLEXPART),基于卫星监测信息对SO₂源项进行评估和设计,在此基础上开展数值模拟(截至2022年2月20日).结果表明,火山喷发初期模式对SO₂南北扩散范围模拟偏窄,但随着时间演变与观测呈现逐渐吻合趋势;SO₂主体位于南半球,向西传输区域主要位于0～30°S纬度带,最大传输速度约22.5°/d,在研究时段跨赤道传输作用弱,对北半球和我国影响小;SO₂在西向传输过程中总体保持前高后低倾斜态势,传输最快高度和向上扩散最大高度分别位于27km和31km左右;截至2月20日,SO₂累积地面沉降已扩展至60°N以南全球大部分区域,主要区域位于0～50°S纬度带,沉降最强地区位于澳大利亚东部、汤加火山西北部和南美洲南部.研究结果可为汤加火山气候效应评估提供数据支撑和思路借鉴.     

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis using an integrated approach of clustering and MCDM under pythagorean fuzzy environment

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is an effective risk analysis and failure avoidance approach in the design, process, services, and system. With all its benefits, FMEA has three limitations: failure mode risk assessment and prioritization, complex FMEA worksheets, and difficult application of FMEA tables. This paper seeks to overcome the shortcomings of FMEA using an integrated approach based on a developed Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) k-means clustering algorithm and a popular MCDM method called PF-VIKOR. In the first step, Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) were used to collect Severity (S), Occurrence (O), and Detection (D) factors for failure modes to incorporate uncertainty and fuzziness into subjective judgments. Afterward, failure modes were clustered by developing a novel k-means clustering algorithm that accepts PFNs as input. Finally, the PF-VIKOR approach was used to analyze the ordering of cluster risks. The proposed approach was implemented in the dehydration unit of an Iranian gas refinery and the results were compared with the traditional FMEA. The findings showed the flexibility and applicability of the proposed approach in addressing real-world problems. This research provides two key contributions: (1) designing a PFN-based k-means clustering algorithm that tackles FMEA limitations and (2) using the PF-VIKOR method for prioritizing and evaluating failure mode clusters.     

Influence of water storage on deflagration characteristics of methane in confined space

Comparative experiments were conducted under different water level heights and methane concentration conditions using a self-designed explosion experiment pipeline. The results showed that, in comparison with the scenario without water storage, when the water level was 2 cm and methane concentration was 6.5–12.5%, there was a dual effect including a pressure decrease caused by the endothermic cooling of liquid water and a pressure increase caused by the expansion of water vapour. These effects caused the pressure time history curve to exhibit a double-peak or multi-peak structure, and the average decrease in the peak deflagration pressure was 23.76%. The heat of vaporisation absorbed by the stored water and barrier effect of water vapour on the transfer of the heat slowed down the increase in the deflagration temperature. The average decrease in the peak deflagration temperature of methane was 13.82%, and the time to reach the peak deflagration temperature was extended as a whole, with an average delay of 0.22 s. Water storage also changed the shape of the deflagration flame front, which exhibited ‘knife’, ‘V’, and ‘crescent’ structures. Moreover, the flame propagation speed was significantly reduced, with the peak and average flame propagation speeds decreased by 83.3% and 83.6%, respectively. The research results can provide a certain reference for preventing gas explosions in typical confined spaces, and also help to explore new anti-explosion methods, which can be applied to marine equipment such as ships.     

Solid phase microextraction applied to the analysis of organophosphorus insecticides in fruits

Trace amounts of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) were determined in various fruits by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography–nitrogen phosphorous detection (GC-NPD). Sampling from the headspace enhanced method selectivity, whereas at the same time improved fiber life time and method sensitivity. Diazinon, parathion, methyl parathion, malathion and fenithrothion were determined in various fruits: more than 150 samples of 21 types of fruits were studied. SPME-GC-NPD provided a useful and very efficient analytical tool: method linearity ranged from 1.2 to 700 ng/ml. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.03 to 3 ng/ml and 0.12 to 10 ng/ml respectively, values well below the residue limits set by the EU. Less than 2% of the samples were found positive containing amounts higher than the EU limits. The effect of fruit peeling and washing was also investigated.     

城市管道天然气在土壤中泄漏扩散实验研究

天然气在土壤中扩散行为的实验研究对埋地管道泄漏点的科学定位及泄漏事故的预防具有重要意义.采用全尺度气体泄漏实验系统,模拟真实埋地管道泄漏场景,对泄漏后的天然气在土壤中的扩散对流过程进行实验研究.基于自行研制的气体检测与数据采集系统和GasClam地下气体在线监测仪,分析天然气在土壤中的对流扩散规律.结果表明:埋地管道泄漏后天然气在土壤中的对流扩散过程可以分为4个阶段:孕育阶段、陡然增长阶段、缓慢增长阶段和稳定阶段,其浓度随泄漏时间的变化过程符合S型曲线特征.天然气扩散至检测点所需时间与距泄漏口距离呈现近似的幂指数关系.当检测点位于泄漏口附近区域时,泄漏压力起主导作用.当检测点位于远离泄漏口区域时,泄漏量起主导作用.     

海上平台烟气组合工况扩散安全性分析

海上平台的压缩机透平、发电机透平、热介质锅炉等高温设备较多,多点排放的高温烟气,很有可能成为平台安全的隐患。这其中包括高温烟气对直升机起降的影响,或者对有人通行区域安全性的影响。因此很有必要针对海上平台烟气组合工况进行扩散安全性分析。本文就是利用三维数值模拟FLUENT软件,针对某海上平台多点排放源组合工况的烟气扩散问题进行数值模拟研究,并根据模拟结果分析高温废气对海上平台安全性的影响,从而为工程设计提供参考和依据。