Role of heavy polar organic compounds for water repellency of sandy soils

Separation and chemical characterisation of specific compounds responsible for soil water repellency has not previously been achieved. Here we describe the extraction, separation and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of organic compounds found in wettable and water repellent sandy soils from the Netherlands and United Kingdom. Fatty acids (C₁₆–C₂₄), amides (C₁₄–C₂₄), alkanes (C₂₅–C₃₃), aldehydes/ketones (C₂₃–C₃₁) and complex ring-containing structures were detected in all samples. We found a greater abundance of high molecular mass polar compounds in the water repellent samples.     

Experimental analysis of Froude number effect on air entrainment in the hydraulic jump

A hydraulic jump is characterized by strong energy dissipation and mixing, large-scale turbulence, air entrainment, waves, and spray. Despite recent pertinent studies, the interaction between air bubbles diffusion and momentum transfer is not completely understood. The objective of this paper is to present experimental results from new measurements performed in a rectangular horizontal flume with partially developed inflow conditions. The vertical distributions of the void fraction and the air bubbles count rate were recorded for inflow Froude number Fr ₁ in the range from 5.2 to 14.3. Rapid detrainment process was observed near the jump toe, whereas the structure of the air diffusion layer was clearly observed over longer distances. These new data were compared with previous data generally collected at lower Froude numbers. The comparison demonstrated that, at a fixed distance from the jump toe, the maximum void fraction C _max increases with the increasing Fr ₁. The vertical locations of the maximum void fraction and bubble count rate were consistent with previous studies. Finally, an empirical correlation between the upper boundary of the air diffusion layer and the distance from the impingement point was derived.     

气相色谱法对土壤和植物中毒鼠强的测定

采用气相色谱法测定土壤和植物中的毒鼠强,用苯作为提取剂,中性氧化铝-硅镁柱净化。土壤和植物的回收率分别为84.0%~87.0%8、1.4%~86.0%,样品最低检出量为20ng/g。     

气相色谱／质量选择检测器测定死鱼水体中有机污染物

为查明有机污染物的种类,取死鱼水经GDX-501树脂富集后,用气相色谱/质量选择检测器分析。检出水中82种污染物。     

不同粒度煤的瓦斯解吸扩散规律实验研究

为了证实和完善极限粒度理论,制备了煤粒度毫米级至厘米级(>10 mm)的5种粒度煤样,利用H-Sorb 2600T高温高压气体吸附分析仪对不同粒度的煤样进行等温吸附-解吸实验,并采用动扩散系数模型计算了煤粒瓦斯解吸扩散系数,分析不同粒度煤的扩散系数变化特征。研究结果表明:粒度毫米级煤样单位瓦斯解吸量和瓦斯解吸率随粒度的增大呈现逐渐减小的趋势;粒度厘米级煤样单位瓦斯解吸量和瓦斯解吸率随粒度的增大降幅较小;煤粒度在毫米级范围内,初始有效扩散系数D0e和平均有效扩散系数Dae随粒度的增大快速下降;煤粒度为厘米级时,初始有效扩散系数D0e和平均有效扩散系数Dae随粒度的增大基本保持不变;极限粒度理论正确可靠,煤的极限粒度小于10 mm。     

瓦斯充气防爆的负熵机理

借助于耗散结构理论，分析了瓦斯引爆的温熵图及防爆的负熵机理，并对充Ｎ２抽放低浓度瓦斯的可行性进行了探讨。     

地壳突发性放气与水灾行为关系的研究

本文阐述了由于１９９４年９月１４日台湾海峡７．３级地震孕震应力场作用而引起大面积突发性放气，导致１９９４年第２４号台风行为不规律的机制。地震本身可给人类造成灾难，而在某些条件下也可能引起其它灾难。     

大气污染事故预测系统的研究

将地理信息系统应用于城市突发性的大气污染事故，对大气扩散模型的图形技术进行开发研究。介绍了设计的总体结构；详细叙述了数学模型的建立、编程语言及其关键技术。该技术能模拟显示化学品泄漏后的大气污染扩散范围，为应急反应科学决策服务。