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551.
552.
大体积进样技术结合同位素稀释法测定地表水中多环芳烃的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用C18固相萃取柱预处理水样,由于固相萃取柱的选择吸附性,净化了样品的基质;同液-液萃取相比,固相萃取柱和硅胶小柱的双重净化,更适合大体积进样。萘、苊、菲、屈艹的氘代化合物作为同位素稀释剂,由于待测分析物与同位素稀释剂物理化学的相似性,其在固相萃取柱的保留行为和色谱运行行为都有基本一致性。同一般内标法相比,同位素稀释法具有较高的回收率。大体积进样由于进样绝对量的增加,降低了检出限。方法检出限0.05~0.1ng/L,回收率范围90%~110%。 相似文献
553.
分散液液微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定饮用水源水中的四乙基铅 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用分散液液微萃取与气相色谱/质谱法联用技术建立了测定水样中四乙基铅的方法。考察了影响分散液液微萃取的因素,包括萃取溶剂、分散剂、萃取次数、萃取时间和盐效应等。在最佳条件下,四乙基铅的富集倍数为330倍,检出限为0.01μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为0.10~10.0μg/L,线性相关系数为0. 9992。测定饮用水源水中的四乙基铅,加标回收率为87.7%~105%,相对标准偏差为4.8%~7.3%(n=3)。 相似文献
554.
555.
To investigate the suppression effect of charged water mist on gas explosion, a small charged water mist generator and a gas explosion simulation device were designed based on the principle of electrostatic induction. Experiments for testing characteristics of the gas explosion in a confined space under different charged polarities, charged voltages and mist fluxes were carried out. Experimental results indicated that, compared with the normal water mist, the explosion peak overpressure and the flame propagation speed could be more effectively reduced by the charged water mist. And this suppression effect could be promoted by increasing the charged voltage. To visualize the effect of the charged water mist's polarity on gas explosion, comparative experiments were conducted. The results showed that the explosion peak overpressure, the overpressure rising rate, and the propagation speed of the flame were reduced by 64.7%, 33.0% and 19.4%, respectively, when a +8 kV charged voltage was applied. In situation where a -8 kV charged voltage was applied, 64.1%, 26.5% and 16.0% reductions were achieved for the explosion peak overpressure, the overpressure rising rate, and the flame propagation speed respectively. Comparison of this data leads to the conclusion that the gas explosion could be more efficiently suppressed by the positively charged water mist. 相似文献
556.
The main goal of the study presented in this paper was to analyse the mechanisms affecting an Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) process and to identify possible deviations of the system from normal work to limit, or even avoid, losses. The UCG process is one of the most innovative technologies connected with the exploitation of coal deposits that are currently being tested and developed all around the world. It allows the conversion of a coal seam into gas under in situ conditions of high temperature with the use of gasifying agents such as air, oxygen, steam or with a mixture of them.The paper presents the results of the analysis and assessment of a critical event during the process: a dangerous gas accumulation that occurred during an underground coal gasification experiment in the Experimental Mine “Barbara” of the Central Mining Institute (Poland). The UCG experiment using the shaft method is described, together with its monitoring system and the problems that appeared during the process. The application of the Fault Tree Methodology allowed the establishment of the main factors that may lead to the explosion and to present possible scenarios of its occurrence.Moreover, calculations were carried out to evaluate the risk level of explosion for the gas mixture and the minimum level of oxygen in the mixture that is necessary to initiate an explosion. These calculations were based on a modification of the formula proposed by Le Chatelier. During the course of the underground experiment, original information of the process behaviour has been acquired that can be used in the preparation of other UCG experiments in operational mines to guarantee the safety and the stability of the process. 相似文献
557.
Use of man-made impoundment in mitigating acid mine drainage in the North Branch Potomac River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The US Department of the Army, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, oversees a long-term monitoring study to assess and
evaluate effects of the Jennings-Randolph reservoir on biota in the North Branch Potomac River. The reservoir was intended,
in part, to mitigate effects of acid mine drainage originating in upstream and headwater areas. The present study assessed
recovery of benthos and fish in this system, six years after completion of the reservoir. Higher pH and lower iron and sulfate
concentrations were observed upstream of the reservoir compared to preimpoundment conditions, suggesting better overall water
quality in the upper North Branch. Water quality improved slightly directly downstream of the reservoir. However, the reservoir
itself was poorly colonized by macrophytes and benthic organisms, and plankton composition suggested either metal toxicity
and/or nutrient limitation. One large tributary to the North Branch and the reservoir (Stony River) was shown to have high
(and possibly toxic) levels of manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum due to subsurface coal mine drainage. Macroinvertebrate
diversity and number of taxa were higher in sites downstream of the reservoir in the present study. Compared with previous
years, the present study suggested relatively rapid recovery in the lower North Branch due to colonization from two major
unimpacted tributaries in this system: Savage River and South Branch Potomac. Abundance of certain mayfly species across sites
provided the most clear evidence of longitudinal gradients in water quality parameters and geomorphology. Fish data were consistent
with macroinvertebrate results, but site-to-site variation in species composition was greater. Data collected between 1982
and 1987 suggested that certain fish species have unsuccessfully attempted to colonize sites directly downstream of the reservoir
despite the more neutral pH water there. Our results show that recovery of biota in the North Branch Potomac was attributed
to decreased acid inputs from mining operations and dilution from the Savage River, which contributed better water quality.
Continued improvement of North Branch Potomac biota may not be expected unless additional mitigation attempts, either within
the reservoir or upstream, are undertaken. 相似文献
558.
559.
采用顶空气相色谱法,测定饮水中氰化物。对水样保存特殊性的影响,色谱柱的选择及实验条件进行研究。结果表明,CN^-浓度在1-18ug/l呈线性关系,最低检出限为0.35ug/l,高、中、低三浓度测定相对标准偏差分别为2.68%、6.69%、6.98%,回收率范围83.4-119.2%,满足卫生检验要求。是一种简便快速、实用性强的分析方法。 相似文献
560.