CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF A PINE PLANTATION1

ABSTRACT: There are increasing concerns in the forestry community about global climate change and variability associated with elevated atmospheric CO₂. Changes in precipitation and increases in air temperature could impose additional stress on forests during the next century. For a study site in Carteret County, North Carolina, the General Circulation Model, HADCM2, predicts that by the year 2099, maximum air temperature will increase 1.6 to 1.9°C, minimum temperature will increase 2.5 to 2.8°C, and precipitation will increase 0 to 10 percent compared to the mid‐1990s. These changes vary from season to season. We utilized a forest ecosystem process model, PnET‐II, for studying the potential effects of climate change on drainage outflow, evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI) and forest Net Primary Productivity (NPP). This model was first validated with long term drainage and LAI data collected at a 25‐ha mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) experimental watershed located in the North Carolina lower coastal plain. The site is flat with poorly drained soils and high groundwater table. Therefore, a high field capacity of 20 cm was used in the simulation to account for the topographic effects. This modeling study suggested that future climate change would cause a significant increase of drainage (6 percent) and forest productivity (2.5 percent). Future studies should consider the biological feedback (i.e., stomata conductance and water use efficiency) to air temperature change.     

Soil,water and plants contamination by total chrome and chrome VI

The chrome (Cr) is a metal utilized in various industrial sectors and its investigation in the environment is necessary, for the Cr (III) contain aessential micronutrients in the human nourishment and the Cr (VI), on the other hand, is toxic. In the present work soil contamination with Cr was realized in drainagelysimetersset in concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹ of total Cr, with the intuition to determine the total Cr and Cr (VI) flux in leached water, in soil and in plants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). In the lysimeters were cultivated four plants, in three cultivation circles. In the end of the cultivations was observed, that the total applied Cr leached in the soil, evidencing the Cr mobility in latossoil with simulant characteristics to the ones utilized in this paper. The Cr (VI) concentrations in the soil increased soon after the treatment applications, but tend to decrees in the time elapse, the same tendences were observed for the total Cr concentrations in the leached water. The Cr absorption by plants was related to the Cr disponibility in the soil, for the soil concentration and the plants decreased with time passing. The Cr mobility in the soil possibilitated the groundwater contamination presenting risks to the water quality and, consequently to public health.     

水溶性农药稻田流失特性研究

通过大田试验和测坑试验,研究了水溶性农药的稻田流失特性及其影响因素,在此基础上得到了杀虫单和乐果的稻田流失量。结果表明:杀虫单的稻田排水流失量为208.0g·hm-2,渗漏流失量为222.0g·hm-2,总流失量为其稻季用量的14.3%;乐果的稻田排水流失量为238.5g·hm-2,渗漏流失量为160.8g·hm-2,总流失量为其稻季用量的13.4%。     

Major and trace elements in paddy soil contaminated by Pb–Zn mining: a case study of Kočani Field,Macedonia

The objective of this study was to assess the bulk chemical composition as well as the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in the paddy soil of Kočani Field (eastern Macedonia). The results revealed that the paddy soil of the western part of Kočani Field is severely contaminated with Pb, Zn, As and Cd in the vicinity of the Zletovska River due to irrigation with riverine water that is severely affected by acid mine and tailing effluents from the Pb–Zn mine in Zletovo. The detected total concentrations of these metals are far above the threshold values considered to be phytotoxically excessive for surface soil. The paddy soil in the vicinity of the Zletovska River was also found to exhibit elevated levels of Ba, Th, U, V, W, Mo, Cu, Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, Hg and Tl, with concentrations above their generally accepted median concentration values obtained during this study. A correlation matrix revealed that the Mn and Fe oxides/hydroxides are the most important carrier phase for several trace elements, with the exception of rare earth elements (REEs). These also represent a major sink for the observed heavy metal pollution of the soil. REEs are mostly associated with two phases: light (L)REEs are bound to K-Al, while heavy (H)REEs are bound to Mg-bearing minerals. Although there is no direct evidence of a health risk, the paddy soil in the vicinity of Zletovska River needs further investigation and an assessment should be made of its suitability for agricultural use, particularly in view of the highly elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, As and Cd.     

基于不同内部构型特点的厌氧膜生物反应器中膜污染控制方法

厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)结合了厌氧生物技术和膜过滤技术的优点,不仅污泥产量低、出水效果好、耐冲击负荷高,且可节省能源,在处理高浓度有机废水过程中由于其独特的优势而备受亲睐。膜污染问题一直是影响AnMBR经济性和稳定性的关键因素,目前关于膜污染的研究主要集中在膜污染的成因及控制方法上。膜污染的控制多采用优化操作运行条件和改变膜的表面形态等方法来实现,关于通过改变反应器内部构型来对膜污染进行控制的研究相对较少。综述了气流、液流冲刷膜表面,反应器中安装旋转膜组件以及采用膜振动等几个缓解厌氧膜生物反应器中膜污染的方法,总结了这些方法优点与不足之处,并从不同的角度加以比较,并在此基础上对今后膜污染控制方式的研究方向提出建议,有利于在实际应用中选取适宜的膜污染控制方式,拓展厌氧膜生物反应器应用前景。     

电热蚊香片益多克含量的气相色谱测定

叙述了采用气相色谱法,以ＦＩＤ检测器和内标法定量测定电热蚊香片中益多克的含量。方法的变异系数为１．１％,回收率达到９８．７％,线性相关系数为．９９９１。该方法适用电热蚊香片中益多克的含量测定。     

沈阳市机动车排放污染控制

综述了沈阳市机动车的发展与现状 ,着重探讨了沈阳市机动车尾气给人民生活带来的危害和解决办法 ,讨论了问题的所在 ,并对未来沈阳机动车尾气治理提出建议。     

新型丝网填料滴滤器净化含苯废气的实验研究

实验研究了新型丝网填料滴滤器净化含苯废气的性能。研究表明该生物滴滤器能够有效的净化含苯废气 ,在入口负荷小于 6 0mg·L-1·h-1时 ,平均净化效率在 90 %以上。当进口负荷提高时 ,消除能力也逐渐提高 ,但净化效率有所下降 ,将进口负荷控制在 30～ 6 0mg·L-1·h-1之间 ,即可以达到高的净化效率 ,又可保持较高的消除能力。苯的净化效率随进气量增加而下降 ,对于净化高浓度苯废气 ,10～ 2 0m/h的气速是比较合适的。不锈钢丝网填料对循环液分布均匀性有较高要求 ,特别在生物膜的形成阶段。当喷淋系统不能保证布液均匀时 ,可采用阶梯环等化工填料作为最初的液体分配层。     

浅析城考指标"汽车尾气达标率"

根据城市环境综合整治定量考核指标"汽车尾气达标率"的定义、解释及其实施规定,结合实际,针对性地分析了客观存在的问题,并提出一些可行性建议。     

有机磷农药分析测试方法的改进

对有机磷分析方法进行改进．使之能有效地对乐果、甲基对硫磷和乙基对硫磷进行检测,分离效果好,时间短。