暗管排水稻田中氮素淋失动态混合模型及应用

为研究淹灌稻田在排水条件下的氮素淋失规律,根据势能理论及溶质运移理论提出了流网法与动力学方法相结合的田间水氮动态混合模拟模型该模型在暗管排水出流计算中采用叠加原理,将SPAC系统中异常复杂的二维水氮运移问题的求解简化为对多个流带中一维问题的求解,方法简单、实用对方法及模型的正确性进行了田间试验验证,结果表明,水稻生长期间,试验田块中氮肥淋失量为4kgN/hm²占总施氮量的1.3％．氮肥淋失量与农田排水条件有关,地下排水强度增大,会增加氮肥淋失量。因此,应合理进行水位管理。     

膜分离法处理加油站油气的研究

针对加油站收油和发油过程中产生的油气污染,分别采用玻璃态油气截留型PEEK中空纤维膜组件和橡胶态油气渗透型GMT板框式膜组件,在自行设计建造的膜分离设备上,对比考察了2种膜组件和整个膜系统对油气污染治理和回收的效果.结果表明,2种膜系统对VOCs/空气混合气有很好的净化能力,尾气能够达标排放;在富油气返回油罐的模拟加油站实际运行情况的循环实验条件下,尾气也低于25 g·m-3的国标.     

水力负荷与气水比对人工湿地净水效果的影响

以某高海拔地区污水处理厂的二级生化处理水为研究对象,通过对人工湿地进出水中COD、NH+4-N、TP浓度的变化,研究了水力负荷、气水比两个参数对人工湿地净水效果的影响。结果表明:人工湿地去除生活污水中COD、NH4+-N、TP的最佳水力负荷为0.33 m3/(m2·d)、气水比为3:1,在此最佳试验条件下,COD、NH4+-N、TP的去除率分别可达84%、69%、68%,出水水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准。     

The effects of drainage basin geomorphometry on minimum low flow discharge: the study of small watershed in Kelang River Valley in Peninsular Malaysia

This study investigate the relationships between genomorphometric properties and the minimum low flow dischare of undisturbed drainage basins in the Taman BukitCahaya Seri Alam Forest Reserve,Peninsular Malaysia.The drainage basins selected were third-order basins so as to facilitate a common base for sampling and performing an unbiased statistical analyses.Three levels of relationships were observed in the study.Significant relationships exised between the genomorphometric properties as shown by the correlation network analysis;secondly,individual geomorphometric properties were observed to influence minimum flow discharge;and finally,the multiple regression model set up showed that minimum flow discharge(Qnub)was dependent of basin area(AU),stream length(LS),maximum relief(Hmax),average relief (HAV) and stream frequency(SF).These findings further enforced other studies of this nature that drainage basins were dynamic and functional entities whose operations were governed by complex interrelationships occurring within the basins.Changes to any of the geomorphometric properties would influence their role as basin regulators thus influencing a change in basin response.In the case of the basin‘s minimum low flow,a change in any of the properties considered in the regression model influenced the “time to peak”of flow.A shorter time period would mean higher discharge,which is generally considered the prerquisite to flooding.This research also conclude that the role of geomorphometric properties to control the water supply within the stream through out the year even though during the drought and less precipitations months .Drainage basins are sensitive entities and any deterioratons involve will generate reciprocals and response to water supply as well as the habitat within the areas.     

酸性矿山废水区域废矿石中真核生物多样性分析

采集安徽某铁矿酸性矿山废水库周边的废矿石样品,分析了样品的主要物化参数,进而利用分子生物学方法,构建真核生物18S rDNA克隆文库,对样品中的真核生物多样性和群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,该区域呈现强酸性,pH均在3以下,Fe、SO2-4、P、NO-3-N含量都显示同一个趋势,即裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的含量高于有植被覆盖的样品LW和XC.4个样品含有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和节肢动物门(Arthropoda)这4类真核生物.其中球囊菌门可以与植物形成绝对共生关系,是早期植物适应陆地环境的关键.包含球囊菌门的样品LW和XC,有植被保护,其生物多样性比裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的生物多样性更丰富.此外,还发现样品中存在很多对极低pH、重金属有耐受力的菌种,如Penicillium purpurogenum、Chaetothyriales sp.、Staninwardia suttonii等.     

生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物的拦截效应

将原农业排水沟渠改建成生态沟,以水生美人蕉、黑三棱、灯心草、铜钱草和绿狐尾藻等为试验植物,通过沟渠水样氮、磷去除的时空变化,各植物区泥沙和植物氮、磷含量的对比,探讨了生态沟渠对农业面源污染的阻控效应.结果表明,生态沟渠出水氮、磷浓度分别低于地表水环境质量标准Ⅳ类和Ⅱ类,整条生态沟渠对水体总氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为64.3%、69.7%.整条生态沟渠2010年和2011年拦截泥沙总量的平均值为40 400 kg,含泥沙氮52.4 kg,泥沙磷21.4 kg;其中各植物段拦截泥沙氮、磷量为水生美人蕉铜钱草黑三棱绿狐尾藻灯心草.生态沟渠植物每年累积带走的氮、磷量分别为7.9 kg和1.4 kg;5种植物氮、磷吸收量最高的是水生美人蕉和绿狐尾藻,二者的地上生物量与地下生物量比值也远高于其他3种植物.因此,生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物有较好的拦截效应,5种植物中氮、磷吸收效果最好的是水生美人蕉和绿狐尾藻.     

As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)胁迫对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌铁行为的影响

以嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌为受体材料,通过分析培养过程中培养液pH、Fe²⁺氧化率和总铁(TFe)沉淀率研究不同浓度As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)胁迫对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌铁行为的影响。结果表明:As(Ⅲ)胁迫显著降低反应体系的pH降幅、Fe²⁺氧化速率和TFe沉淀率;低浓度As(Ⅴ)的加入对反应体系的pH降幅、Fe²⁺氧化速率和TFe沉淀率没有明显影响;随着初始浓度的增大,pH降幅、Fe²⁺氧化速率和TFe沉淀率也逐渐降低。As(Ⅲ)对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌铁行为的影响较As(V)更明显。同一胁迫水平下,该菌对As(Ⅲ)的响应更强烈。     

炼油厂气体及液化气脱硫工艺的探讨

对脱硫装置所使用的各种脱硫溶剂、装置的操作条件、工艺流程和主要设备等方面进行较深入的探讨。介绍了目前各炼油厂干气、液化气脱硫装置的设计参数。     

重庆气矿气田采出水处理现状分析

重庆气矿气田采出水水质复杂,为提高处理效果,详细分析了出水水质状况,从处理设备和技术、处理药剂等现有处理工艺方面对气田采出水处理现状进行了综述,并结合国内外处理技术的发展现状,对改进重庆气矿过滤器中常用滤料的选取、缓蚀、阻垢及杀菌措施的确定、混凝剂的加注以及监测手段等提出了建议。     

Agricultural drainage and wetland management in Ontario

Land drainage is recognized as an integral part of agricultural activity throughout the world. However, the increase in agricultural production has resulted in the loss of wetland functions and values. Therefore, wetland management and agricultural drainage illustrate the conflict between economic development and natural values. This research assesses the approval process for agricultural land drainage in Ontario, Canada, to determine how the benefits of increased agricultural production are balanced against the loss of wetland values. A permit review of drainage applications was conducted from 1978 to 1997 in Zorra Township, Ontario, Canada. Data collection also included the document reviews, interviews with government agencies and wetland evaluation files. The selected criteria include efficiency, equity, consistency and adequacy. The results indicate that while the process is efficient, fundamental problems remain with the bargaining process.