Study of the Optimization and Adjustment ofthe IndustrialStructure Subjected to Water Resource in the Drainage Area of the Yellow River

Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.     

Gas and Organic Matter in Last Glacial and Holocenic Sediments of Venice Lagoon

Two drills (MBM1* and MBM2) provided at “Bocca di Malamocco” gave environmental and palaeo-environmental information on sedimentation for the last 50,000 years. the MBM2 supplies textural, gas and organic matter studies of sediment and principal ion content of pore water. Two main palaeo-environments, divided in six cycles, are recognized. Marine environment characterizes the sediment above 12.80 metres below sea level (mbsl) and continental environment dominates the sediments below.

The concentration/depth profiles of dissolved ammonia, phosphates and gases are related to the occurrence of a relatively high organic content in the sediment core. Carbon dioxide to methane ratio shows a constant value below 20 mbsl, while above that level only carbon dioxide was detected. A sulphate gradient in the transition zone between the marine to fresh water interval suggests a methane oxidation. These findings indicate that diffusive transport of methane from marine sediments to the atmosphere may be considered minimal. the sedimentary cycles are related to the oxygen isotopic stages. They suggest a variable hydraulic regime occurred during the last Glacial time in the palaeo-plain corresponding to the present Venice lagoon.     

REGIONAL RUNOFF SIMULATION FOR SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN1

ABSTRACT: The feasibility of simulating monthly runoff for southeast Michigan, which comprises four major river basins, was evaluated with the Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation watershed model. The evaluation covered a 13-year period (1961–73), which encompassed a complete runoff cycle. Results indicate it is feasible to simulate monthly runoff volumes on a regional scale with a single equivalent watershed by using daily precipitation and temperature data. Simulation of regional flows appears particularly attractive for the Great Lakes basin, since the basin consists of many relatively small watersheds. This method also appears promising for development of monthly runoff forecasts by employing average monthly meteorological data distributed on a daily basis. Tests of six-month runoff forecasts show relatively small deterioration with time and offer considerable improvement over climatology.     

甘肃窑街煤矿二氧化碳突出及防治

本文对甘肃窑街煤矿特大型二氧化碳突出的特征、地质构造背景及防治工作进行了研究。研究结果表明突出气体是煤系自燃热解所生成,根据对方解石脉进行裂变径迹测年和气体的氩同位素研究,表明气体形成于晚第三纪至早更新世;突出区大量CO_2气主要受断裂构造与强应力场控制而蕴藏在厚煤层中。 打前探孔、震动放炮、抽放卸压等措施对于防治突出,减少损失具有积极的作用,而厚煤层中的断裂带部位是最危险的区段,应重点防范。     

脉冲供能集烟气除尘和脱硫脱硝为一体的机理

本文研究脉冲电晕对ＳＯ２、ＮＯ和粉尘脱除规律以及烟气成份在脱除过程中的相互影响，在此基础上对脉冲供能脱硫脱硝和除尘的机理进行分析，肯定了在传统静电除尘器中集烟气除尘和脱硫脱硝为一体的可能性，并提出了实现方式．     

外源氮输入对不同土地利用排水沟底泥反硝化和N2O排放影响

农田排水沟通过底泥硝化-反硝过程可消纳部分农业面源氮.水稻、蔬菜和水果是太湖地区种植业的主要土地利用类型,各种植区排水河沟密布,且不同种植区沟道接受外源氮差异明显,直接影响沟道消纳氮能力.分别采集太湖地区果园、稻田和菜地种植区排水沟道沉积物,设计上覆水N0、N1、N2、N3和N4这5个外源NO-3-N输入梯度,净氮输入量分别为0、0.5、1.0、5.0和10 mg·L~(-1),开展室内培养试验,研究外源氮输入对不同土地利用区排水沟道底泥反硝化和N2O排放的影响.结果表明,外源氮输入激发了排水沟底泥反硝化作用,3条沟道底泥反硝化速率均随上覆水NO-3-N输入浓度增大显著增大(P0.05),底泥累积反硝化量与输入NO-3-N浓度呈显著线性正相关关系(R20.75);除菜地外,沟道底泥N2O排放速率和累积排放量随外源NO-3-N输入浓度增大均无显著增大趋势(P0.05).在无外源氮或低外源氮输入时(N0和N1),果园、菜地和稻田种植区3种沟道之间底泥反硝化和N2O排放累积损失氮量的差异不显著(P0.05).随NO-3-N输入浓度增大,特别是高外源氮输入(N3和N4)条件下,果园和稻田排水沟道底泥反硝化消纳氮量显著高于菜地沟道底泥反硝化损失氮量(P0.05),而菜地排水沟底泥N2O排放损失氮量显著高于其它2条沟道底泥的N2O排放损失氮量(P0.05).排水沟底泥有机碳矿化速率与反硝化损失速率成正相关关系(n=15),微生物矿化(CO2-C)作用促进了沟道底泥硝化反硝过程.     

131105综采面地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯技术研究

为了合理布置地面抽采瓦斯钻孔,基于矿山压力与顶板控制理、保护层开采理论等,研究了地面钻孔平面布置和结构,地面钻孔抽采瓦斯量和抽采瓦斯浓度随工作面距钻孔距离的变化规律,同时利用双示踪技术对地面钻孔抽采范围进行了测试,综合考察了地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯的有效范围。结果表明：地面钻孔抽采瓦斯有效范围不小于200m。     

Assessment and improvement of integrated HSE and macro-ergonomics factors by fuzzy cognitive maps: The case of a large gas refinery

This study analyzes and assesses the integrated health, safety, environment (HSE) and ergonomics (HSEE) factors by fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This is achieved through integrating ergonomic and macro-ergonomic as well as occupational health and safety arrangements in an integrated modeling for assessment of their multi-faceted impact on workers' productivity, injury rate and satisfaction. This paper uses FCM to assess the direct and indirect effects of HSEE factors on system performance indicators. The results of FCM are used to develop leading indicators useful for proactive management of productivity, injury rate, and job satisfaction. The result of a comprehensive survey of 37 experts in control rooms and maintenance activities in a large gas refinery is used to show the applicability and usefulness of FCM approach. Moreover, FCM results are used to determine the causal structure of HSEE factors and system performance indicators. It is concluded that macro-ergonomics factors such as instructions and education, familiarity with organization's rules, and proper communications most contribute to improve workers' safety, satisfaction, and productivity.     

Experimental investigation of gas explosion in single vessel and connected vessels

Gas explosion in connected vessels usually leads to high pressure and high rate of pressure increase which the vessels and pipes can not tolerate. Severe human casualties and property losses may occur due to the variation characteristics of gas explosion pressure in connected vessels. To determine gas explosion strength, an experimental testing system for methane and air mixture explosion in a single vessel, in a single vessel connected a pipe and in connected vessels has been set up. The experiment apparatus consisted of two spherical vessels of 350 mm and 600 mm in diameter, three connecting pipes of 89 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. First, the results of gas explosion pressure in a single vessel and connected vessels were compared and analyzed. And then the development of gas explosion, its changing characteristics and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. When gas explosion occurs in a single vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure growth rate with ignition at the center of a spherical vessel are higher than those with ignition on the inner-wall of the vessel. In conclusion, besides ignition source on the inner wall, the ignition source at the center of the vessels must be avoided to reduce the damage level. When the gas mixture is ignited in the large vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate in the small vessel raise. And the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate in connected vessels are higher than those in the single containment vessel. So whenever possible, some isolation techniques, such as fast-acting valves, rotary valves, etc., might be applied to reduce explosion strength in the integrated system. However, when the gas mixture is ignited in the small vessel, the maximum explosion pressures in the large vessel and in the small vessel both decrease. Moreover, the explosion pressure is lower than that in the single vessel. When gas explosion happens in a single vessel connected to a pipe, the maximum explosion pressure occurs at the end of the pipe if the gas mixture is ignited in the spherical vessel. Therefore, installing a pipe into the system can reduce the maximum explosion pressure, but it also causes the explosion pressure growth rate to increase.     

Explosions of gasoline–air mixture in the tunnels containing branch configuration

In order to investigate the effects of branch tunnels on explosion propagation, experiments were performed in five different configuration tunnels (straight configuration and configurations with 1 branch, 2 branches, 3 branches and 4 branches). Pressure and flame transducers were used to record the history of the pressure development and track the velocity of the flame front. It was shown that the branch tunnels had ability to enhance the maximum overpressure, rate of overpressure rise, and deflagration index (K_G) of the gasoline–air mixture explosion due to the turbulence induced by the branch tunnels. The overpressure rise rate and K_G of the explosion increased as a function of the number of branch tunnels. Experiments also showed that the maximum flame speed increased as the branch number increasing from 0 to 3 due to the enlargement of turbulence induced by the branch tunnels. However, an increase of branch number did not always lead to an enhancement of flame speed because the heat loss was intensified resulting from the increase of flame surface caused by the branch tunnels. When the number of branch tunnels exceeded 3, the maximum flame speed dropped.