高沼气综采工作面瓦斯抽放方法的研究

应用采场三维瓦斯流动理论，论述了高沼气综采工作面邻近层瓦斯抽放的基本原理。提出了俯采综采工作面邻近层瓦斯的抽放方法，以及用一条边界专用瓦斯巷道，集中抽放钻孔一侧多区段无煤柱综采工作面对应时期邻近层瓦斯的方法。此方法应用于城子河煤矿三个综采工作面，瓦斯抽出率均在４０％以上，最高达７２％。     

加油站模糊数学安全评价模型及应用

笔者针对目前汽车加油站事故的多发性及其安全的重要性 ,指出了目前加油站安全评价方法的不足 ,提出对于加油站这个复杂的多因素、多变量、多层次人机系统应该考虑采用模糊数学的方法来进行安全评价 ,以得到符合实际加油站安全现状的评价结果。通过分析影响加油站安全的各个因素以及因素之间的相互联系 ,建立了较合理的加油站安全评价指标体系 ;并根据现场经验给出了各相关安全因素的权重 ,运用模糊数学方法建立了加油站安全评价模型 ;同时通过实例验证 ,该安全评价模型的评价结果符合实际情况 ,有较强的实际应用性     

液化石油气瓶站气体泄漏爆炸危险性研究

针对某个城市居民区的液化气瓶站,采用数值模拟方法计算在液化气钢瓶发生泄漏后,液化石油气发生爆炸对瓶站和周围建筑的冲击波和温度的影响;分析冲击波对建筑可能造成的损坏情况;根据模拟分析结果,提出了改进液化气瓶站安全性的技术措施。笔者计算和分析的结果及提出的安全技术措施,为保障周围建筑和人员安全提供了技术依据。     

Dilution with air to minimise consequences of toxic/flammable gas releases

Dilution has long been considered a solution to many problems of toxic/flammable material releases. It implies diluting to a concentration that is below physiologically dangerous levels for a toxic substance (generally below TLV), or to a level below LFL for a flammable material release, ensuring that the process adopted for dilution does not itself enhance the risks.

In this paper, we discuss the dilution of a gaseous release by deliberate and cautious mixing with air to reduce its concentration to a harmless level. The idea bears its origin to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy where some families saved themselves by turning the ceiling fans on when MIC reached their bedrooms at the dead of very cold night on December 2–3, 1984. The air pushed in by the fans diluted the MIC to below the harm level.

Some of the advantages of using air dilution are: no cost of air, no air storage needed, no need to treat the air after use as in case of water curtains; required equipment, its maintenance and staff training in its use are very likely to cost less than in other ways of handling a release.

Air dilution may not be feasible in all cases, such as gaseous release within a congested equipment layout, release that forms a liquid pool, etc. The method needs to be evaluated for each case.     

Heavy gas dispersion by water spray curtains: A research methodology

The mitigation of the consequences of accidental releases of dangerous toxic and/or flammable cloud is a serious concern in the petro-chemical and gas industries. Nowadays, the water-curtain is recognized as a useful technique to mitigate a heavy gas cloud. The paper presents a research methodology, which has been established and undertaken to quantify the forced dispersion factor provided by a water-curtain with respect to its configuration.

The method involves medium-scale field tests, Wind-Gallery tests and numerical simulations. These different approaches are discussed and exemplified by typical results emphasizing the observed concentration reduction due to the water-curtain.     

气田水处理药剂的筛选及应用

为了确保气田水水质处理效果,除正确选择水处理工艺和装置外,还必须选择相应的化学处理药剂。针对川东气田水水质状况,对多种絮凝剂进行了评价和筛选室内实验。综合考虑5种药剂性能和价格,无机絮凝剂选择TSY4-1效果较好;综合考虑5种处理方法的效果和药剂价格,选择TSY4-2有机絮凝剂作有机浮选剂效果较好。为验证室内实验结果,在川东气田池34井和卧20井气田水处理站分别进行了现场应用实验。结果表明筛选的组合配方药剂完全能够替代进口水处理药剂,能满足川东气田水水质处理的需要。     

华东地区中强震孕育过程中的中小地震动态演化特征

引用有关地震活动的频度面积S值方法,对华东地区1970年以来中强震前后的中小地震活动进行了研究,发现地震的S值在震前和震后的异常变化特征主要表现为:在震前S值异常为高值或低值异常,震后下降或上升;对特定区域研究发现,华东地区陆地区域的中强震的孕震区,中小地震活动的S值震前异常主要为高值,震后下降;而海域的中强震孕震区中小地震活动的S值震前主要表现为低值异常。因此,通过对华东地区中强震孕震区中小地震活动的频度面积S值方法的动态追踪,利用其变化规律可以为中强震的预测预报提供一种判定指标。     

矿井瓦斯涌出量预测的灰色建模法

简要介绍了瓦斯涌出量的常用预测方法 ,指出了各种预测方法的弊端 ,从矿山实际出发 ,把非等间距数列变为等间距数列 ,根据灰色理论提出的预测方法 ,利用不同采深瓦斯涌出量的原始数据建立矿井瓦斯涌出量的动态GM(1,1)模型 ,进行瓦斯涌出量预测 ,选择了合理的误差检验模型 ,并通过实例说明了GM(1,1)模型在预测瓦斯涌出量中的应用 ,结果表明预测程度较高。对矿井延深做好瓦斯涌出量预测并进行矿井安全生产具有很好的指导意义。     

渭河流域严重洪涝灾害环流形势演变特征

简述了渭河流域的地理分布;论述了该流域洪水灾害的时间分布;分析了渭河流域洪水灾害的环流形势演变特征.     

Impact of a shock wave on a structure on explosion at altitude

The number of explosive attacks on civilian buildings has recently increased and the pattern of damage inflicted on structures when an explosion takes place at altitude remains quite difficult to predict. The primary aim of the work reported here was to enhance the understanding of how blast waves from an explosion at altitude interact with the ground and with a structure. Small-scale experiments were conducted using a propane–oxygen stoichiometric mixture as explosive. This approach is original because it models high-explosive detonation in terms of gaseous charge explosion using TNT equivalents. Several non-dimensional laws are expressed and validated by experiments. These relationships allow determination of the propagation of a blast wave and its interaction with a structure as a function of the position of the explosive charge when the explosion occurs at altitude. Then, from knowledge of the blast loading, using Hopkinson's scaling law and TNT equivalents, we can predict the interaction of blast waves with the ground and a structure on a real scale. Simulations were performed using the Autodyn code, and good correlation with the experimental results was obtained.