地表水中SVOCs和氨基甲酸酯类农药同步萃取技术的探讨

采用大体积固相萃取富集地表水中SVOCs和氨基甲酸酯类农药,再以气相色谱-质谱和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用对目标物定性定量。通过优化固相萃取条件,使SVOCs在0.500 mg/L~10.0 mg/L之间,氨基甲酸酯类农药在1.00μg/L~100μg/L之间线性良好,方法检出限为0.002μg/L~0.009μg/L,加标回收率分别为70.5%~105%和78.5%~124%。用该方法测定某流域地表水,结果邻苯二甲酸酯类物质、多环芳烃类、酚类、硝基苯环类化合物等SVOCs,以及克百威、仲丁威等氨基甲酸酯类农药检出。     

溴化衍生-三重四极杆气质联用法测定地表水中丙烯酰胺

采用溴化衍生-液液萃取法处理地表水,用三重四极杆气相色谱质谱联用仪测定样品中α,β-二溴丙烯酰胺,再换算成丙烯酰胺的质量浓度,该方法在20.0μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.998,方法检出限为0.08μg/L。实际水样2个质量浓度水平的平均加标回收率分别为87.5%和92.2%,7次测定结果的RSD分别为9.1%和6.1%。用该方法测定黄河兰州段的黄河水和实验室自来水,结果均未检出。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油

采用分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油,通过试验优化萃取剂、分散剂的种类和用量、盐度等影响萃取效率的条件,使该方法在10.0μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为1.6μg/L。用该方法测定实际水样,结果未检出。实际水样的3个质量浓度水平加标回收率为83.6%~104%,RSD为2.1%~8.3%。     

气相色谱法同时分析测定土壤中15种有机氯农药残留

采用石油醚+丙酮(3+1,V/V)作为提取溶剂、硫酸钠溶液与弗罗里藻土净化,气相色谱法同时测定贵州150个土壤背景点15种有机氯农药残留.峰面积与保留时间的精密度分别为1.14～5.15,0.01～0.09;线性关系均在0.99以上;加标回收率为84.3%～127.8%;方法检出限为0.003～0.025ng/g.该方法适用于土壤背景点有机氯农药残留量的分析.     

柴油机排气微粒冷却演变特性的实验研究

对柴油机排气微粒在冷却条件下的演变特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,排气的冷却作用对微粒的质量浓度具有重要的影响.引起微粒质量浓度变化的主要原因是排气中气态碳氢的冷凝,从而增加了微粒的质量浓度.排气的冷却促使柴油机微粒增大,分布在0.01～1.0 μm粒径范围内的微粒数量有所减少,特别是小于0.1 μm以下的小微粒,微粒数量下降的幅度相对较大,并且冷却温度越低,变化越明显.排气冷却后,0.1-1.0 μm粒径范围内的微粒体积浓度呈减少的趋势.此外,流速对排气冷却条件下的微粒演变特性亦有一定的影响,随排气流速的降低,0.01～1.0 μm粒径范围内的微粒数量浓度和体积浓度减小.     

烟气循环流化床脱硫塔设计

对烟气循环流化床脱硫工艺和脱硫塔设计进行详细的介绍,为设计提供参考。     

燃煤烟气脱硝技术的应用与进展

介绍了近年来国内外应用和正在研究开发的一些主要的燃煤烟气脱硝技术,并对这些技术的优缺点作了比较和评述。     

京津冀地区道路碳排放量的演变及空间分布

以机动车碳排放模型为基础,结合不同类型机动车存活曲线,建立分车龄的车队构成,并利用年均行驶里程和燃油消耗量,分析了京津冀地区2005～2020年道路碳排放量的演变及区域分布特征.结果显示,河北省道路碳排放量增长迅速,近5a仍以7.14%的年均增长率快速增长,而北京和天津两市的道路碳排放已经进入低速增长期,近5a的年均增长率分别仅为1.01%和2.27%.小型客车一直都是道路碳排放的主力车型,其碳排放量占京津冀道路碳排放总量50%以上;轻型货车在北京市道路碳排放中的贡献越来越突出,而河北和天津两地轻型和重型货车正在逐渐发展为道路碳排放增长的主要驱动因素.从京津冀道路碳排放的4km×4km网格分布图可知,因北京和天津拥有更密集的道路,其碳排放强度远高于河北省.     

湖北省鹤峰县城区滑坡地质灾害风险评价

从地质环境条件出发,对湖北省鹤峰县城区15处地质灾害及隐患点(其中滑坡13处,崩塌2处)的发育分布特征进行论述,总结了研究区地质灾害的孕灾规律;基于孕灾影响因子,依托信息量法对鹤峰县城区滑坡地质灾害易发性进行分区,考虑滑坡规模大小超越概率、时间概率、空间概率,对研究区域分别进行了10 a、20 a、50 a和100 a...     

Two independent mechanisms of egg recognition in worker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Formica fusca</Emphasis> ants

Informational constraints can be an important limitation on the accuracy of recognition. One potential constraint is the use of recognition information from the same sources in multiple discriminatory contexts. Worker wood ants, Formica fusca, discriminate eggs based on their maternal sources of origin in two main contexts: recognition of eggs laid by nestmate versus non-nestmate queens and recognition of worker-laid versus queen-laid eggs. We manipulated the experience of F. fusca workers in laboratory colonies to both worker-laid and queen-laid eggs by transferring eggs between colonies in order to investigate whether these two contexts of egg discrimination are independent. Experience of non-nestmate queen-laid eggs significantly increased worker acceptance of both familiar (18% accepted) and unfamiliar (10%) queen-laid eggs compared to control workers without experience of eggs other than those laid by their own colony’s queen (2%). In contrast, worker acceptance of worker-laid eggs was not affected by variation in the egg experience of workers (14% in workers from control colonies exposed only to eggs from their own colony’s queen versus 19% and 17% in workers from colonies which had received eggs laid by either a non-nestmate queen or nestmate workers, respectively). Our results suggest that these two recognition contexts do not strongly constrain each other and are different in their ontogeny. In particular, worker-laid eggs are universally discriminated against by workers from colonies with a queen whatever the egg experience of the workers, while non-nestmate queen-laid eggs are strongly discriminated against only by workers without experience of eggs laid by more than one queen.