长江流域年平均气温的时空变化特征

利用长江流域146个气象站点1960~2005年的逐年气温资料，选用EOF和REOF方法识别长江流域年平均气温空间变化特征，并对长江流域年平均气温变化敏感区域进行时间演变分析和突变检测。研究表明:长江流域年平均气温主要有2种空间振荡型（即全流域气温变化趋向一致型和流域内气温变化存在东西向差异型），3个变化敏感区域（长江流域中下游地区、长江流域南部和金沙江流域）。3个变化敏感区域的年平均气温都在20世纪90年代明显升高，且均在90年代后期呈突变增加，其中金沙江流域升温趋势最为明显，气候倾向率为0.20℃/10a。全流域1991~2005年年平均气温距平空间分布表明，自1991年以来全流域都为升温趋势，其中长江流域中下游地区和金沙江流域是升温幅度最大的地区。     

地下超临界流体与油气运移关系浅析

地球内部存在大量挥发份，它们自深层逸出过程中一般呈趋临界流体状态。由于超临界流体的特殊性质，它们的运移极有可能与地下的油气藏发生联系,甚至对油气的富集、运移与成藏的各个演化过程可能都有不可忽视的影响。     

洞庭湖演变对农业生态环境的影响

从洞庭湖演变历史的回顾入手，讨论了洞庭湖演变对湖区农业生态环境的影响，认为湖体演变带来了诸如湖泊温暖效应降低、洪涝灾害频繁、土壤潜育化严重、血吸虫病流行以及水产资源破坏等一系列生态环境问题，并提出了保护和改善湖区农业生态环境的对策与措施。     

环境保护和环境监测中的气相色谱法运用分析

气相色谱法是环境监测中的常用技术类型,其能协助相关部门快捷、精确地了解环境被污染现状,有针对性地拟定治理方案。本文在阐述气相色谱法技术原理的基础上,分条列举该技术用于环境保护与监测领域中的优劣势,较详细地探究其具体实践应用,以期对技术完善与推广有一定促进作用。     

引射器法LPG＋AIR城镇管道燃气源清洁新工艺

研究用引射器法ＬＰＧ＋ＡＩＲ城镇管道燃气源新工艺替代水平炉生产煤气，环境效益十分显著。经用综合质量指数法进行环境评价，结果表明，煤气厂及周围城区的环境综合质量从大于５级提高到３级水平。     

Gaia's Handmaidens: the Orlog Model for Conservation Biology

Abstract:  The Gaia hypothesis, which proposes that Earth's biota and material environment form a self-regulating system, has been influential in conservation biology, but it has not translated into specific guidelines. Proponents of phylogenetics and ecology often claim primacy over the foundations of conservation biology, a debate that has deep roots in philosophy and science. A more recent claim is that conservation efforts should protect evolutionary processes that will allow diversification. Phylogenetics, ecology, and evolution all have legitimate roles in conservation, when viewed in a temporal perspective. Phylogenetic studies identify the bioheritage of past species radiations, ecology preserves the life-support systems for these lineages in the present, and evolutionary processes allow adaptation of these lineages to novel challenges in the future. The concept of temporal domains in conservation (past, present, future) has an appropriate metaphor in the Norse worldview known as the Orlog. In this body of mythology, three sisters tend the tree of life and fend off a dragon gnawing at the roots. The names of these sisters, Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld, translate to Past, Present, and Future. In Viking mythology, the threads of life cannot persist without the cooperation of these sisters. In the science of conservation biology, they represent the handmaidens of Gaia–three scientific disciplines that can succeed only with a spirit of familial cooperation.     

武汉市耕地资源非农化过程的时空变化特征分析

耕地非农化现象是实现工业化和城市化所必须付出的一种代价，已经成为经济发展和城市化，工业化进程中的一个普遍现象。根据武汉市1988-2002年来耕地资源变化的详查数据资料，分析其耕地资源非农化过程的时空变化特征。结果表明：①1988-2002年武市非农建设用地扩张占用耕地面积16394.57hm^2，占耕地资源减少面积的48.75%,耕地非农化成为耕地资源减少的一个重要的原因。②近年来城市非农建设基本上是占用质量较好的耕地，以灌溉水田和菜地为主。③随着城市化进程的加快，耕地非农化的速度在加快。④耕地非农化的区域差异明显，主要集中颁在城市主城区的新区及城郊区。⑤耕地非农人的区域指向性变化明显，主城区扩展的建设用地主要以城市、建制镇、村庄等居民点用地为主，城郊区以交通用地及工矿用地为主。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls in two mollusc species from the coast of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

Levels of PCBs were determined in two marine organisms, limpets (Patella ullisiponensis aspera) and winkles (Ossilinus atratus), sampled in three stations in the south east coast of Tenerife during 1993. Winkles and limpets exhibited different PCB patterns. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to study the patterns and the relationships among PCBs.     

The parasite connection in ecosystems and macroevolution

In addition to their obvious negative effects (“pathogens”), endoparasites of various kinds play an important role in shaping and maintaining modern animal communities. In the long-term, parasites including pathogens are indispensable entities of any ecosystem. To understand this, it is essential that one changes the viewpoint from the host’s interests to that of the parasite. Together with geographic isolation, trophic arms race, symbiosis, and niche partitioning, all parasites (including balance strategists, i.e. seemingly non-pathogenic ones) modulate their hosts’ population densities. In addition, heteroxenic parasites control the balance between predator and prey species, particularly if final and intermediate hosts are vertebrates. Thereby, such parasites enhance the bonds in ecosystems and help maintain the status quo. As the links between eukaryotic parasites and their hosts are less flexible than trophic connections, parasite networks probably contributed to the observed stasis and incumbency of ecosystems over geologic time, in spite of continuous Darwinian innovation. Because heteroxenic parasites target taxonomic levels above that of the species (e.g. families), these taxa may have also become units of selection in global catastrophies. Macroevolutionary extrapolations, however, are difficult to verify because endoparasites cannot fossilize.     

事故树法在煤气发生炉环境风险评价中的应用

针对煤气发生炉事故特点,采用事故树分析法对其进行环境风险评价,从最小割集、最小径集以及结构重要性3个方面解释煤气发生炉事故的主要原因,根据基本事件的重要性,比较分析事故的预防重点,并提出相应防控措施和应急预案。事故树法能够全面描述事故发生的原因及其逻辑关系。