A new approach to data evaluation in the non-target screening of organic trace substances in water analysis

Non-target screening via high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has gained increasingly in importance for monitoring organic trace substances in water resources targeted for the production of drinking water. In this article a new approach for evaluating the data from non-target HPLC-MS screening in water is introduced and its advantages are demonstrated using the supply of drinking water as an example. The crucial difference between this and other approaches is the comparison of samples based on compounds (features) determined by their full scan data. In so doing, we take advantage of the temporal, spatial, or process-based relationships among the samples by applying the set operators, UNION, INTERSECT, and COMPLEMENT to the features of each sample. This approach regards all compounds, detectable by the used analytical method. That is the fundamental meaning of non-target screening, which includes all analytical information from the applied technique for further data evaluation. In the given example, in just one step, all detected features (1729) of a landfill leachate sample could be examined for their relevant influences on water purification respectively drinking water. This study shows that 1721 out of 1729 features were not relevant for the water purification. Only eight features could be determined in the untreated water and three of them were found in the final drinking water after ozonation. In so doing, it was possible to identify 1-adamantylamine as contamination of the landfill in the drinking water at a concentration in the range of 20 ng L⁻¹. To support the identification of relevant compounds and their transformation products, the DAIOS database (Database-Assisted Identification of Organic Substances) was used. This database concept includes some functions such as product ion search to increase the efficiency of the database query after the screening. To identify related transformation products the database function “transformation tree” was used.     

塔机起重作业夜间照明工效的BIM辅助优化研究

为提升塔式起重机施工作业的夜间照明工效水平,采用数学模型和BIM技术相结合的方法,以灯源的光通量及入射角为光学驱动参数,模拟眩光值、照度及其均匀度等光学变量,建立照明工效的光度学BIM辅助优化模型,优化起重作业照明灯源光学参数。研究结果表明：对塔式起重机施工作业区照明灯源光学参数进行组合优化后,夜间起重作业面照度及其均匀度显著提升,眩光值满足起重作业视觉环境条件。研究结果可为塔式起重机夜间起重作业照明方案设计提供科学依据。     

防止起重机碰撞带电导线静电感应安全模型的研究

起重机触电事故在施工过程中时有发生。本文首先对起重机触电事故进行调查分析，在此基础上总结出事故发生的规律，提出了静电感应安全模型方案，以电磁场理论为基础，对方案进行了较为深入的理论和实践研究，并以可靠、准确、灵敏、经济为原则对方案进行了评价。为今后进一步研究起重机触电问题提供了有效途径和理论依据。     

生物综合毒性检测在三氯丙烷水环境污染事故应急监测中的应用及启示

介绍了生物综合毒性检测在水环境应急监测中应用的思路,及其在三氯丙烷水环境污染事故应急监测中的成功应用;并说明推进生物综合毒性检测在水环境应急监测、常规监测和自动监测中的应用是很有必要的。     

环境基本法目的条款的修改动因与方向--兼论生态文明的内在统一性

百年工业文明发展范式对自然环境的持续作用,使人类面临环境与发展的双重危机。生态文明具有内在统一性,环境法制是生态文明的应有之义。环境基本法是环境法制的基石,目的条款是环境基本法的元点。旧的目的条款沿袭工业文明发展范式,将发展经济奉为圭臬,始终无法调和人与自然的内在矛盾。修改环境基本法目的条款,融入生态文明因子具有自内而外、自外而内、自上而下以及自下而上四个方面的动力因素。     

Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts,state-of-art and methods

Water supply and wastewater services incur a large amount of energy and GHG emissions. It is therefore imperative to understand the link between water and energy as their availability and demand are closely interrelated. This paper presents a literature review and assessment of knowledge gaps related to water–energy–greenhouse gas (GHG) nexus studies in an urban context from an ‘energy for water’ perspective. The review comprehensively surveyed various studies undertaken in various regions of the world and focusing on individual or multiple subsystems of an urban water system. The paper also analyses the energy intensity of decentralized water systems and various water end-uses together with the major tools and models used. A major gap identified from this review is the lack of a holistic and systematic framework to capture the dynamics of multiple water–energy–GHG linkages in an integrated urban water system where centralized and decentralized water systems are combined to meet increased water demand. Other knowledge gaps identified are the absence of studies, peer reviewed papers, data and information on water–energy interactions while adopting a ‘fit for purpose water strategy’ for water supply. Finally, based on this review, we propose a water–energy nexus framework to investigate ‘fit-for-purpose’ water strategy.     

起重机械常见事故与技术上的原因浅析

通过阐述起重机械的分类和特点，从8个方面分析了起重机构常见的事故与技术上的原因。     

模糊神经网络钳式吊车行走力矩跟随系统

主要根据主机参数设计一个模糊神经网络控制器，利用模糊神经网络使从机的速度和力矩都跟随主机，从而达到主从跟随模式。然后根据设计参数仿真和运行，成功地应用于钳式吊控制系统。     

桥式电磁起重机物料防坠安全防护装置

针对国产桥式电磁起重机存在的断电时物料坠落的问题,研制出符合现场实际,切实可靠的防止物料坠落的安全防护装置。