论中国环境影响评价中公众参与的一般模式

公众参与在环境影响评价中的作用是不可替代的,并成为各国环评的基本内容.环评中公众参与的一般模式包括公众享有环境知情权和参与决策权、合适的公众参与的主体范围、明确的公众参与环评的程序和方法以及公众参与环评的保障机制.为更好地发挥环评的作用,应当从实体和程序两方面对法规加以完善.还应在信息公开、立法的完善和配套制度的建立等方面完善环评中的公众参与制度.     

塔机垂直度自动测量方法研究

针对利用经纬仪测量塔机垂直度精度不高、不能实时监测等问题,提出一种塔机垂直度自动测量方法。通过测量塔机转角自动判断臂架位置,进而确定垂直度测量面。分析了现行垂直度测量的误差原因,推导了垂直度与塔机转角和倾角之间的计算公式,并设计了塔机垂直度自动监测系统。     

起重机在特殊工况下的静刚度与动刚度安全性分析

通过对一台桥式电磁起重机静刚度和动刚度的理论计算,以及对其主梁的探伤检查,分析了桥式起重机在特殊工况下的静刚度和动刚度,指出了在设计时应考虑的安全性问题。     

基于模糊数学方法的门式起重机风险评估研究

本文采用模糊数学方法对门式起重机潜在风险因素（腐蚀、裂纹、强度及变形）导致的金属结构破坏进行风险评估。从主梁和支腿两个角度出发,建立了不同金属结构风险影响因素为子系统的多层次评判系统。该方法方便了门式起重机的综合安全风险评估,为提高其安全性能提供了方向。     

Essential and nonessential elements in the red-crowned crane Grus japonensis of Zhalong Wetland,northeastern China

The concentrations of four essential (Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu) and two nonessential elements (Pb and Cd) in feathers and kidneys, livers, gut walls, and muscles of eight carcasses of migratory red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) from Zhalong Wetland, northeastern China, were examined. The concentrations of Cd in the feathers were between 0.4 mg kg^?1 dry weight (dw) and 3.1 mg kg^?1 dw, in the livers between 0.4 and 4.4 mg kg^?1 dw, the maximum of which exceeded a level considered to be environmental exposure risk (i.e., 3 mg kg^?1 dw in the liver or kidney). High Pb levels (0.4–3.2 mg kg^?1 dw, with an average of 1.8 mg kg^?1) were also detected in livers, which exceeded a level considered toxicosis in birds (1.7 mg kg^?1 dw). Pb and Cd had the highest scores in principal component analysis. Relatively high Pb and Cd concentrations in the migratory cranes were thought to be associated with their habitat and prey.     

龙门吊移动荷载对地铁车站深基坑变形的影响

青岛地铁苗岭路站是在土岩组合地层下开挖的狭长型换乘车站,深基坑两侧既有建筑物众多且临近基坑,施工中采用龙门吊运输材料。为探究龙门吊移动荷载作用下基坑围护结构和土体的空间变形规律,建立三维有限元数值模型,对比分析了加载前后基坑围护桩侧移变形和坑外地表沉降,并探讨了起吊物与边跨的距离对基坑变形的影响。结果表明:龙门吊移动荷载作用下基坑产生明显的动态响应;围护桩桩体侧移变形比竖向变形响应明显且沿深度有所不同,嵌岩点处侧移响应最明显,土岩交界面处响应最小;受基坑阴角效应的影响,动载作用下角隅处土体沉降变形保持不变,坑外土体最大变形位置由距坑边2 m处转移至基坑边;起吊物的移动在基坑边产生明显的变形动态响应区域,随着起吊物远离边跨,桩周土体的沉降量逐渐减小,动态响应区域向远离坑角方向增大;加强冠梁连接、适当增大阴角处桩间距或减少锚杆施作可以保证基坑的稳定性,经济有效。     

Household incidence of pollution control policies: A robust welfare analysis using general equilibrium effects

This study assesses the incidence of pollution control policies on households. In contrast to previous studies, we employ an integrated framework combining a multisector general equilibrium model with a stochastic dominance analysis using household-level data. We consider three policy instruments in a domestic emission trading system: (i) an output-based allocation (OBA) of permits; (ii) the use of the proceeds of permit sales to reduce payroll taxes (RPT); (iii) and the use of these proceeds to reduce consumption taxes instead (UCS). The general equilibrium results suggest that the return to capital is more negatively affected than the wage rate in all simulations, since polluting industries are capital intensive. Abstracting from pollution externalities, the dominance analysis suggests that all three policies have a normatively robust negative (positive) impact on welfare (poverty). Formal dominance tests indicate that RPT first-order welfare dominates OBA over all values of household incomes. UCS also first-order poverty dominates RPT for any choice of poverty line below $CAN 18,600, and poverty dominates for any poverty line (and thus welfare dominates) at the second order. Finally, while the three pollution control policies do not have a numerically large impact on inequality (in comparison to the base run), statistical tests indicate that inequality increases significantly more with OBA and RPT than with UCS.     

一起起重机电气故障引发的钩头坠落事故剖析

某厂电炉分厂发生一起起重机钩头坠落事故。经分析 ,该事故是由电气故障引起的。提出了防范措施     

A COMPARISON OF DELTA CHANGE AND DOWNSCALED GCM SCENARIOS FOR THREE MOUNTAINOUS BASINS IN THE UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: Simulated daily precipitation, temperature, and runoff time series were compared in three mountainous basins in the United States: (1) the Animas River basin in Colorado, (2) the East Fork of the Carson River basin in Nevada and California, and (3) the Cle Elum River basin in Washington State. Two methods of climate scenario generation were compared: delta change and statistical downscaling. The delta change method uses differences between simulated current and future climate conditions from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HadCM2) General Circulation Model (GCM) added to observed time series of climate variables. A statistical downscaling (SDS) model was developed for each basin using station data and output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEPINCAR) reanalysis regridded to the scale of HadCM2. The SDS model was then used to simulate local climate variables using HadCM2 output for current and future conditions. Surface climate variables from each scenario were used in a precipitation‐runoff model. Results from this study show that, in the basins tested, a precipitation‐runoff model can simulate realistic runoff series for current conditions using statistically down‐scaled NCEP output. But, use of downscaled HadCM2 output for current or future climate assessments are questionable because the GCM does not produce accurate estimates of the surface variables needed for runoff in these regions. Given the uncertainties in the GCMs ability to simulate current conditions based on either the delta change or downscaling approaches, future climate assessments based on either of these approaches must be treated with caution.     

百色水利枢纽工程建成后的效益分析

百色水利枢纽工程是治理和开发郁江的大型水利枢纽工程。主要从防洪、发电、灌溉、航运和供水等综合利用方面分析了工程建成后产生的社会效益和经济效益，对存在的问题提出了相应的对策和建议。