区域开发的灾害识别和对策

区域开发是当前普遍采用的一种经济发展模式，然而区域开发活动引起的灾害还没有引起足够的重视。该文多区域开发建设活动与区域环境相互影响的观点，介绍了对区域开发引起的灾害进行识别的方法及其对策分析。区域灾害识别可采用历史记录法，成因分析法、预测法等方法。区域灾害对策有非工程性和工程性两类，工程性对策应根据区域灾害的类型、频率、强度、损失及区域开发性质来决定，而非工程性对策中建立区域统一的防灾救灾组织管理     

连云港地区地震灾害背景分析

本文从震灾史料中发掘出连云港地区震灾的严重性，进而论述了连云港地区成灾背景，并对该地区震害分布及特点进行分析，可为有关部门制定防震减灾对策提供参考.     

城市防震减灾对策的探讨

本文通过分析造成城市地震灾害严重的多种因素,从搞好建设工程的抗震设防、加强地震科普知识的宣传教育、推动城市社区地震应急救援志愿队和避难场所的建设四个方面提出了城市防震减灾的对策。     

The creation of vulnerability to natural disaster: Case studies from the Dominican Republic*

This paper argues that natural disasters are not a category of events which can be separated from the broader Issues of development, since economic change can create vulnerability to natural disaster. The analysis of case studies from the Dominican Republic shows how the development of large scale commercialized agricultural production has created such vulnerability by reducing or restricting the resource base of certain sectors of the population. It b suggested that the vulnerable state of a population should be considered as much a cause of natural disaster as the extreme physical phenomena Involved. Therefore there Is a need both for a broader framework for analysis of disasters and for strategies to reduce such vulnerability to be an Integral part of long term development planning.     

基于模糊综合评判的电网应灾能力量化评估*

为应对极端自然灾害下电网在灾前、灾后应灾能力评估的不足,提出基于模糊综合评判的电网应灾能力量化评估方法。通过分析电网系统的综合数据和关联指标,建立电网灾前承受力和灾后恢复力评估指标体系;运用层次分析法和熵权法各自求得指标主、客观权重,并依据权重占比组合成综合权重,使用模糊综合评判对电网应灾能力进行量化评估;通过案例对所提的评估进行验证。结果表明:该评估方法更加有效体现电网实际应灾能力水平,对电网应对极端自然灾害具有一定指导作用。     

四川德昌县虎皮弯沟泥石流及灾害损失评估

论述了四川德昌县虎皮弯沟泥石流形成环境、触发条件和泥石流特征.分析了泥石流危险度,着重评估了"8.24"泥石流灾害损失并提出了相应的防治建议.     

An analysis of the causes and circumstances of flood disaster deaths

The objective of this paper is to investigate and to improve understanding of the causes and circumstances of flood disaster deaths. A standardised method of classifying flood deaths is proposed and the difficulties associated with comparing and assessing existing information on flood deaths are discussed. Thirteen flood cases from Europe and the United States, resulting in 247 flood disaster fatalities, were analysed and taken as indicative of flood disaster deaths. Approximately two-thirds of the deaths occurred through drowning. Thus, a substantial number of flood disaster fatalities are not related to drowning. Furthermore, males are highly vulnerable to dying in floods and unnecessary risk-taking behaviour contributes significantly to flood disaster deaths. Based on these results, recommendations are made to prevent loss of life in floods. To provide a more solid basis for the formulation of prevention strategies, better systematic recording of flood fatalities is suggested, especially those caused by different types of floods in all countries.     

A cluster-based decision support system for estimating earthquake damage and casualties

This paper describes a Decision Support System for Disaster Management (DSS-DM) to aid operational and strategic planning and policy-making for disaster mitigation and preparedness in a less-developed infrastructural context. Such contexts require a more flexible and robust system for fast prediction of damage and losses. The proposed system is specifically designed for earthquake scenarios, estimating the extent of human losses and injuries, as well as the need for temporary shelters. The DSS-DM uses a scenario approach to calculate the aforementioned parameters at the district and sub-district level at different earthquake intensities. The following system modules have been created: clusters (buildings) with respect to use; buildings with respect to construction typology; and estimations of damage to clusters, human losses and injuries, and the need for shelters. The paper not only examines the components of the DSS-DM, but also looks at its application in Besiktas municipality in the city of Istanbul, Turkey.     

基于微震活动性参数的矿山灾害风险性评价

微震灾害分级是判别及处理高风险采场的关键。为了预测并防治采空区失稳导致的灾害,结合用沙坝矿引进的IMS微震监测系统,首先统计矿山尺度的微震活动性特征,将主要采场进行分区。然后分析各分区的最大潜在震级及其重现时间、微震扩散率、微震劲度比、能量频次等特征。最后结合采场微震灾害风险性分级标准对各分区风险性进行分级。结果表明,综合考虑微震事件的能量分布特征、空间分布特征、时间分布特征进行灾害风险性分级的结果更为合理。     

采空区上覆火成岩断裂致灾机理研究

为了解释采空区影响下火成岩断裂破坏诱发地表裂缝的形成原因,通过建立两种采动影响下的火成岩断裂物理力学模型,推导出采动影响下火成岩初次断裂和周期性断裂判据。结合铁法晓南矿开采出现的地表裂缝,分析了火成岩断裂破坏机理,并对火成岩断裂破坏进行了预测。通过与现场实测地表裂缝位置加以验证,证明了所建力学模型的可靠性,并给出了后续生产中关于地表裂缝的规避性建议。